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1019 Regional > Pelvic and Hip > Flashcards

Pelvic and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the Pelvis?

A

Sacrum, Coccyx, Left and Right Os Coxae

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2
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

Left and Right Os Coxae only

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3
Q

What are the functions of the pelvis and hip joint?

A

Weight bearing and locomotion

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4
Q

How does the pelvis provide weight bearing?

A

Center of gravity is anterior to S2 vertebra, Posterior to hip joint and anterior to knee and ankle joints.

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5
Q

How does the pelvis facilitate standing?

A

Locks joints when standing, reducing muscle energy needed to remain standing

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6
Q

What type of movements occur at the hip joint?

A

Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Medial/Lateral Rotation and Circumduction

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7
Q

What type of movements occur at the knee joint?

A

Flexion/Extension

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8
Q

What type of movements occur at the ankle joint?

A

Doriflexion, Plantarflexion

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9
Q

What are the features of locomotion?

A

Pelvic rotation in transverse plane (anterior rotation on NWB limb lengthens the limb),

Hip adduction (knees move towards midline to keep Center of gravity more medial),

Knee Flexion (keeps body from moving anteriorly),

Pelvic tilt in coronal plane (Abduction on WB side drops and keeps center of gravity low)

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10
Q

What is the degree between ASIS and PSIS?

A

4-15 degrees

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11
Q

What 3 bones form the os coxae?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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12
Q

Which part of the ilium articulates with sacrum to form sacroiliac joint?

A

Auricular surface

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13
Q

What structures pass through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator Vein, artery, nerve

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14
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

amphiarthrotic fibrocartilage joint

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15
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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16
Q

What ligaments are present at the sacroiliac joint?

A

Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments and interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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17
Q

What are the ligaments at the pelvic wall?

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament

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18
Q

What are the structures attached to the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Ischial Spine (Apex), Sacrum and Coccyx (base)

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19
Q

What are the structures attached to the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Medial margin of ischial tuberosity (Apex), PSIS and posterolateral surface of coccyx (Base)

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20
Q

What ligaments are at the pubic symphysis?

A

Superior and inferior pubic ligaments

21
Q

What is the functional classification of the hip joint?

A

Multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint

22
Q

What are the ligaments at the hip joint?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament, Ligament at head of femur, Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament and ischiofemoral ligament

23
Q

What do all the ligaments at the hip joint resist?

A

Extension

24
Q

What structures are attached to the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Ilium (Apex), Intertrochanteric line of femur (base)

25
Q

What movement does the iliofemoral ligament resist?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation

26
Q

What structure is the pubofemoral ligament attached to?

A

iliopubic eminence

27
Q

What movement does the pubofemoral ligament resist?

A

Abduction

28
Q

What structures are the ischiofemoral ligament attached to?

A

Ischium (Medially), Greater trochanter of femur (Laterally)

29
Q

What movement does the ischiofemoral ligament resist?

A

Adduction and medial rotation

30
Q

What is the frontal plane angle?

A

125 degrees

31
Q

What forms the frontal plane angle?

A

Neck of femur and shaft of femur

32
Q

What is the angle of femoral anteversion?

A

15-20 degrees

33
Q

Which plane is the femoral anteversion in?

A

Transverse plane

34
Q

Is there more range of flexion or extension?

A

Flexion as the head of femur moves deeper into the acetabulum

35
Q

What blood vessels supply the femoral head and neck?

A

Medial and lateral femoral arteries

36
Q

What do the medial and lateral femoral artery branch off from?

A

Deep femoral artery

37
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament (Base).

Medial edge of adductor longus (medial border),

Medial edge of sartorius (Lateral border),

Iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus (Floor),

Adductor canal (Apex)

38
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A 
Iliopsoas
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Adductor Longus
Pectineus
39
Q

What are the extensors of the hip?

A 
Gluteus Maximus
Biceps Femoris (Long head)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Adductor Magnus
40
Q

What are the abductors of the hip?

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
(sartorius)

41
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A 
pectineus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis
42
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A 
piriformis
obturator internus
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
gluteus maximus
(posterior gluteus medius in hip E)
(biceps femoris, sartorius)
43
Q

What are the medial rotators of the hip?

A

in Hip F: all of gluteus med & min; piriformis

in Hip E: anterior gluteus med & min;
semimembranosus, semitendinosus

44
Q

Describe the Joint reaction force in the femur

A

In a single leg stance, the effective centre of gravity moves distally and away from the supporting leg since the nonsupporting leg is now calculated as part of the body mass acting upon the weight-bearing hip

This downward force exerts a turning motion around the centre of the femoral head – the moment is created by the body weight, and its moment arm a (distance from femur to the centre of gravity)

45
Q

What is nutation

A

The anterior tilt of the sacrum relative to the ilium

46
Q

What is counternutation

A

Posterior tilt of sacrum relative to the ilium

47
Q

What is a functional consequence of nutation?

A

Increases compression and shear forces between joint surfaces, increasing articular stability

Locks the joint by increasing the friction between the articular surface

Tenses the ligaments present at the joint and further compresses the surfaces of the joint, increasing transarticular stability

48
Q

What muscle actions produce nutation torque?

A

Erector Spinae muscles rotate sacrum anteriorly

Rectus abdominis and biceps femoris rotate the ilium posteriorly

49
Q

What muscles reinforce and stabilises the sacroiliac joint?

A 
Erector Spinae
Lumbar multifidi
Abdominal muscles- Rectus abdominis, Obliquus abdominis, Transversus abdominis
Hip extensors
Latissimus Dorsi
Iliacus
Piriformis

1019 Regional (9 decks)

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