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1019 Regional > Pelvic and Hip > Flashcards

Pelvic and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the Pelvis?

A

Sacrum, Coccyx, Left and Right Os Coxae

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2
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

Left and Right Os Coxae only

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3
Q

What are the functions of the pelvis and hip joint?

A

Weight bearing and locomotion

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4
Q

How does the pelvis provide weight bearing?

A

Center of gravity is anterior to S2 vertebra, Posterior to hip joint and anterior to knee and ankle joints.

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5
Q

How does the pelvis facilitate standing?

A

Locks joints when standing, reducing muscle energy needed to remain standing

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6
Q

What type of movements occur at the hip joint?

A

Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Medial/Lateral Rotation and Circumduction

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7
Q

What type of movements occur at the knee joint?

A

Flexion/Extension

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8
Q

What type of movements occur at the ankle joint?

A

Doriflexion, Plantarflexion

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9
Q

What are the features of locomotion?

A

Pelvic rotation in transverse plane (anterior rotation on NWB limb lengthens the limb),

Hip adduction (knees move towards midline to keep Center of gravity more medial),

Knee Flexion (keeps body from moving anteriorly),

Pelvic tilt in coronal plane (Abduction on WB side drops and keeps center of gravity low)

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10
Q

What is the degree between ASIS and PSIS?

A

4-15 degrees

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11
Q

What 3 bones form the os coxae?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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12
Q

Which part of the ilium articulates with sacrum to form sacroiliac joint?

A

Auricular surface

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13
Q

What structures pass through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator Vein, artery, nerve

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14
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

amphiarthrotic fibrocartilage joint

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15
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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16
Q

What ligaments are present at the sacroiliac joint?

A

Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments and interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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17
Q

What are the ligaments at the pelvic wall?

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament

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18
Q

What are the structures attached to the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Ischial Spine (Apex), Sacrum and Coccyx (base)

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19
Q

What are the structures attached to the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Medial margin of ischial tuberosity (Apex), PSIS and posterolateral surface of coccyx (Base)

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20
Q

What ligaments are at the pubic symphysis?

A

Superior and inferior pubic ligaments

21
Q

What is the functional classification of the hip joint?

A

Multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint

22
Q

What are the ligaments at the hip joint?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament, Ligament at head of femur, Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament and ischiofemoral ligament

23
Q

What do all the ligaments at the hip joint resist?

24
Q

What structures are attached to the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Ilium (Apex), Intertrochanteric line of femur (base)

25
What movement does the iliofemoral ligament resist?
Adduction and lateral rotation
26
What structure is the pubofemoral ligament attached to?
iliopubic eminence
27
What movement does the pubofemoral ligament resist?
Abduction
28
What structures are the ischiofemoral ligament attached to?
Ischium (Medially), Greater trochanter of femur (Laterally)
29
What movement does the ischiofemoral ligament resist?
Adduction and medial rotation
30
What is the frontal plane angle?
125 degrees
31
What forms the frontal plane angle?
Neck of femur and shaft of femur
32
What is the angle of femoral anteversion?
15-20 degrees
33
Which plane is the femoral anteversion in?
Transverse plane
34
Is there more range of flexion or extension?
Flexion as the head of femur moves deeper into the acetabulum
35
What blood vessels supply the femoral head and neck?
Medial and lateral femoral arteries
36
What do the medial and lateral femoral artery branch off from?
Deep femoral artery
37
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament (Base). Medial edge of adductor longus (medial border), Medial edge of sartorius (Lateral border), Iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus (Floor), Adductor canal (Apex)
38
What are the flexors of the hip?
``` Iliopsoas Tensor Fascia Latae Sartorius Rectus Femoris Adductor Longus Pectineus ```
39
What are the extensors of the hip?
``` Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris (Long head) Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor Magnus ```
40
What are the abductors of the hip?
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fascia latae (sartorius)
41
What are the adductors of the hip?
``` pectineus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis ```
42
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
``` piriformis obturator internus superior gemellus inferior gemellus quadratus femoris obturator externus gluteus maximus (posterior gluteus medius in hip E) (biceps femoris, sartorius) ```
43
What are the medial rotators of the hip?
in Hip F: all of gluteus med & min; piriformis in Hip E: anterior gluteus med & min; semimembranosus, semitendinosus
44
Describe the Joint reaction force in the femur
In a single leg stance, the effective centre of gravity moves distally and away from the supporting leg since the nonsupporting leg is now calculated as part of the body mass acting upon the weight-bearing hip This downward force exerts a turning motion around the centre of the femoral head – the moment is created by the body weight, and its moment arm a (distance from femur to the centre of gravity)
45
What is nutation
The anterior tilt of the sacrum relative to the ilium
46
What is counternutation
Posterior tilt of sacrum relative to the ilium
47
What is a functional consequence of nutation?
Increases compression and shear forces between joint surfaces, increasing articular stability Locks the joint by increasing the friction between the articular surface Tenses the ligaments present at the joint and further compresses the surfaces of the joint, increasing transarticular stability
48
What muscle actions produce nutation torque?
Erector Spinae muscles rotate sacrum anteriorly Rectus abdominis and biceps femoris rotate the ilium posteriorly
49
What muscles reinforce and stabilises the sacroiliac joint?
``` Erector Spinae Lumbar multifidi Abdominal muscles- Rectus abdominis, Obliquus abdominis, Transversus abdominis Hip extensors Latissimus Dorsi Iliacus Piriformis ```

1019 Regional (9 decks)

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