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Repro anatomy > PELVIC ANATOMY > Flashcards

PELVIC ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Boney features that form the pelvic INLET?

A

Sacral promontory
Ilium
superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphisis

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2
Q

Bony features forming pelvic outlet?

A

Anteriorly: Pubic arch (Pubic symphisis + ischiopubic ramus)
Laterally - ischeal spines + sacrotuberous ligament
Posteriorly = coccyx

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3
Q

What aspects of the pelvis can be palpated externally?

A

Posteriorly - ischeal tuberosity (where HAMS attach)

Anteriorly - ASIS and Pubic symphisis

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4
Q

What aspects of the bony pelvis can be palpated internally?

A 
Ischeal spines (4 & 8 oclock)
Sacral promontory (1st sacral vertebral body)
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5
Q

Widest diameter at
A) Pelvic INLET
B) Pelvic OUTLET
?

A

A) Transverse

B) Anterior-posterior

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6
Q 
Position of babies head
at 
A) pelvic INLET
B) pelvic OUTLET
?
A

A) Occipitut transverse
then flex and rotate through pelvis to
B) occipitut anterior.

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7
Q

Engagement of baby is described in relation to which bony feature?

A

Pelvic inlet/pelvic brim.
Engagement = how much is in pelvic cavity
Engaged if 3/5ths into pelvic cavity

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8
Q

During labour what is the STATION in relation to?

A

Ischeal spines = Station 0.
Above = minus
Below = positive

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9
Q

If a babys head is at station zero it is enaged?

A

YES. Because it is at pelvic outlet and must have come through inlet. at this point roughly 3/5ths will be in pelvic cavity

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10
Q

Station +5 indicates?

A

Crowning. Babys head is fully in vagina.

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11
Q

What is the term for the distance between the pubic symphisis to the sacral promontery?

A

Obstetric conjugate

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12
Q

What does the obstetric conjugate reflect?

A

AP diameter of pelvic inlet - narrowest diameter babies head has to pass through.

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13
Q

What is an indirect measure of the obstetric conjugate which can be measured clinically?

A

Diagonal conjugate - should be about 11.5cm. (1.5cm>than obstetric conjugate). Measures by inserting forefinger and middle finger to touch S promontory and measuring the point at which the PS is at your hand.

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14
Q

2 main ligaments that strongly tether the sacrum to the ischium of the hip bone?

A

Sacrospinous (to ischeal spine)

Sacrotuberous (to ischeal tuberosity)

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15
Q

Which nerve lies in close relation to the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Pudendal nerve.S2,3,4

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16
Q

Bony landmark used in pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischeal spines. Inject lateral to them

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17
Q

In the male pelvis the ___ is narrower, and the ______ is deeper?

A 
Suprapubic angle (angle between ischeal tuberosities and pubic symphisis)
Pelvic cavity (pelvic inlet --> pelvic floor)
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18
Q

Which muscle originates in iliac fossa?

A

Iliacus

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19
Q

Which muscle originates in ASIS?

A

Sartorious

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20
Q

What does the inguinal ligament carry in
A - males
B- Females
C - Both?

A

A- spermatic cord
B - Round ligament of the uterus
C) Ilioinguinal nerves

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21
Q

What type of joints are

A) sacroiliac and pubic symphisis joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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22
Q

The hip joint is?

A

Synovial

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23
Q

Pudendal nerve exits via_ and re-enetrs the pelvis via?

A

Exits via GREATER sciatic foramen

Renters via lesser

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24
Q

Sciatic and gluteal nerves exit the pelvis via?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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25
Q

Femoral nerve and vessels exit and enter pelvis via?

A

Subinguinal space

26
Q

Obturator nerve and vessels leave via?

A

Obturator canal.

27
Q

Obturator canal is a membrane free hole created in the obturator foramen. Which bones make the obturator foramen?

A

Ischeum and pubis bones.

28
Q

The anterior fontanelle only takes 3-6 months to close and wheras the posterior takes 18 ?T/F

A

F other way round

29
Q

What is the suture called between the parietal and occipital bone in the babys skull?

A

Lamboid suture.

30
Q

Why must foetus enter the pelvic cavity transversely?

A

babys head widest diameter = AP. Widest diameter at pelvic inlet is transverse.

31
Q 
Borders of 
A) peritoneum
B) Pelvic Cavity
C) Perineum
?
A

A) roof over pelvic organs and floor of peritoneal cavity fpr abdo organs
B) within bony pelvis below peritoneium
C) Space betweenpelvic floor muscles and skin

32
Q

An organ is said to be above the pelvic pain line if…?

A

It touches the peritoneum

33
Q

What structure can be described as a “donut around the cervix”?

A

FORNIX - 4 parts ant, post, and 2x lat

34
Q

The posterior fornix is a clinically useful landmark for which procedure?

A

CULDOCENTESIS. Drainage of excess peritoneal fluid via aspiration by needle passesd through posterior fornix into pouch of douglas.

35
Q

Clinical significance of pouch of douglas?

A

Most inferior part of peritoneal cavity when standing => where fluid will collect. other name = recto-uterine pouch.

36
Q

Why can pelvic infections lead to peritonitis?

A

Pelvic cavity is continous with abdominal cavity.

37
Q

Why do fimbriated ends of fallopian tubes sweep into peritoneal cavity?

A

ovum is released from ovary into abdominal cavity. F tubes need to sweep here to pick it up

38
Q

What happens to the body: cervic ratio of the uterus after childbirth?

A

It increases 2:1 –>3:1

39
Q

Embryonic remnant that creates a potential lymph pathway?

A

Round ligament. Remnant from ovaries devleoping from post. abdo wall.
(ovaries = intraperitoneal structures attached to uterus via round ligament)

40
Q

How can you tell if the uterus is in the normal anterverted position?

A

Uterus is palpable between posterior fornix and hand overlying uterus.

41
Q

Double layer of peritoneum attaching uterus to the pelvis?

A

Broad ligament

42
Q

Part of the broad ligament surrounding
A) ovary
B) fallopian tube
C) uterus?

A

A) mesovarium
B) Mesosalpinx
C) Mesometrium

43
Q

What is A) anterior
B) Lateral
C) posterior
borders of the perinium?

A

A) pubic symphisis
B) Ischeal spines
C) coccyx

44
Q

Why is the perineum like a bowl?

A

Ishceal spines are lower than the PS and coccyx.

45
Q

2 muscles of the pelvic diaphragm (deepest layer of perinium) ?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

46
Q

Whichpart of levator ani maintains feacal continence?

A

Puborectalis - forms a sling round rectum, if it relaxes –> defecation.

47
Q

Which nerve supplies
A) pelvic/superior surface of levator ani?
B) inferior surface of levator ani and most of perinium?

A

A) nerve to levator Ani (S3,4,5)

B) pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

48
Q

Which triangle of the perinium is associated with external genitalia and urethra?

A

Urogenital triangle

49
Q

Layers of urogenital triangle (deep - superficial)?

A 
Deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Perineal fascia
Skin
50
Q

In which layer is the deep transverse perineal muscle and bulbourethral glands of the MALE?

A

Deep perineal pouch

51
Q

Perineal membrane and ____ make up the last passive tissue support of the pelvic organs?

A

Perineal body

52
Q

What is the perineal body composed of?

A

Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which perineal muscles attach.

53
Q

What is the function of perineal body in women?

A

Tear resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter.

54
Q

Disruption of perineal body can lead to?

A

Prolapse

55
Q

Perineal body acts as an attachment point for which muscles?

A 
Levator ani
Muscles of superficial pouch: 
- Ischiocaernosum
- Bulbocavernosus/spongiosum
- Transverse perineal
56
Q

Erectile tissue of the male?

A

BULB - corpus sponhiosum

Crura - corpus cavernosum

57
Q

Which muscle overlies corpus cavernousum and contracts to initiate erection?

A

bulbospongiosum

58
Q

Which muscle overlies corpus cavernosum?

A

ischeocavernosum

59
Q

Which muscle overlies crura and glans clitoris in female?

A

Ischiovcavernosum

60
Q

Ischioanal fossa contains?

A

fat and connective tissue.

Repro anatomy (3 decks)

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