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PELVIC ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Boney features that form the pelvic INLET?

A

Sacral promontory
Ilium
superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphisis

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2
Q

Bony features forming pelvic outlet?

A

Anteriorly: Pubic arch (Pubic symphisis + ischiopubic ramus)
Laterally - ischeal spines + sacrotuberous ligament
Posteriorly = coccyx

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3
Q

What aspects of the pelvis can be palpated externally?

A

Posteriorly - ischeal tuberosity (where HAMS attach)

Anteriorly - ASIS and Pubic symphisis

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4
Q

What aspects of the bony pelvis can be palpated internally?

A 
Ischeal spines (4 & 8 oclock)
Sacral promontory (1st sacral vertebral body)
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5
Q

Widest diameter at
A) Pelvic INLET
B) Pelvic OUTLET
?

A

A) Transverse

B) Anterior-posterior

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6
Q 
Position of babies head
at 
A) pelvic INLET
B) pelvic OUTLET
?
A

A) Occipitut transverse
then flex and rotate through pelvis to
B) occipitut anterior.

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7
Q

Engagement of baby is described in relation to which bony feature?

A

Pelvic inlet/pelvic brim.
Engagement = how much is in pelvic cavity
Engaged if 3/5ths into pelvic cavity

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8
Q

During labour what is the STATION in relation to?

A

Ischeal spines = Station 0.
Above = minus
Below = positive

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9
Q

If a babys head is at station zero it is enaged?

A

YES. Because it is at pelvic outlet and must have come through inlet. at this point roughly 3/5ths will be in pelvic cavity

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10
Q

Station +5 indicates?

A

Crowning. Babys head is fully in vagina.

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11
Q

What is the term for the distance between the pubic symphisis to the sacral promontery?

A

Obstetric conjugate

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12
Q

What does the obstetric conjugate reflect?

A

AP diameter of pelvic inlet - narrowest diameter babies head has to pass through.

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13
Q

What is an indirect measure of the obstetric conjugate which can be measured clinically?

A

Diagonal conjugate - should be about 11.5cm. (1.5cm>than obstetric conjugate). Measures by inserting forefinger and middle finger to touch S promontory and measuring the point at which the PS is at your hand.

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14
Q

2 main ligaments that strongly tether the sacrum to the ischium of the hip bone?

A

Sacrospinous (to ischeal spine)

Sacrotuberous (to ischeal tuberosity)

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15
Q

Which nerve lies in close relation to the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Pudendal nerve.S2,3,4

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16
Q

Bony landmark used in pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischeal spines. Inject lateral to them

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17
Q

In the male pelvis the ___ is narrower, and the ______ is deeper?

A 
Suprapubic angle (angle between ischeal tuberosities and pubic symphisis)
Pelvic cavity (pelvic inlet --> pelvic floor)
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18
Q

Which muscle originates in iliac fossa?

A

Iliacus

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19
Q

Which muscle originates in ASIS?

A

Sartorious

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20
Q

What does the inguinal ligament carry in
A - males
B- Females
C - Both?

A

A- spermatic cord
B - Round ligament of the uterus
C) Ilioinguinal nerves

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21
Q

What type of joints are

A) sacroiliac and pubic symphisis joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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22
Q

The hip joint is?

A

Synovial

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23
Q

Pudendal nerve exits via_ and re-enetrs the pelvis via?

A

Exits via GREATER sciatic foramen

Renters via lesser

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24
Q

Sciatic and gluteal nerves exit the pelvis via?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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25
Femoral nerve and vessels exit and enter pelvis via?
Subinguinal space
26
Obturator nerve and vessels leave via?
Obturator canal.
27
Obturator canal is a membrane free hole created in the obturator foramen. Which bones make the obturator foramen?
Ischeum and pubis bones.
28
The anterior fontanelle only takes 3-6 months to close and wheras the posterior takes 18 ?T/F
F other way round
29
What is the suture called between the parietal and occipital bone in the babys skull?
Lamboid suture.
30
Why must foetus enter the pelvic cavity transversely?
babys head widest diameter = AP. Widest diameter at pelvic inlet is transverse.
31
``` Borders of A) peritoneum B) Pelvic Cavity C) Perineum ? ```
A) roof over pelvic organs and floor of peritoneal cavity fpr abdo organs B) within bony pelvis below peritoneium C) Space betweenpelvic floor muscles and skin
32
An organ is said to be above the pelvic pain line if...?
It touches the peritoneum
33
What structure can be described as a "donut around the cervix"?
FORNIX - 4 parts ant, post, and 2x lat
34
The posterior fornix is a clinically useful landmark for which procedure?
CULDOCENTESIS. Drainage of excess peritoneal fluid via aspiration by needle passesd through posterior fornix into pouch of douglas.
35
Clinical significance of pouch of douglas?
Most inferior part of peritoneal cavity when standing => where fluid will collect. other name = recto-uterine pouch.
36
Why can pelvic infections lead to peritonitis?
Pelvic cavity is continous with abdominal cavity.
37
Why do fimbriated ends of fallopian tubes sweep into peritoneal cavity?
ovum is released from ovary into abdominal cavity. F tubes need to sweep here to pick it up
38
What happens to the body: cervic ratio of the uterus after childbirth?
It increases 2:1 -->3:1
39
Embryonic remnant that creates a potential lymph pathway?
Round ligament. Remnant from ovaries devleoping from post. abdo wall. (ovaries = intraperitoneal structures attached to uterus via round ligament)
40
How can you tell if the uterus is in the normal anterverted position?
Uterus is palpable between posterior fornix and hand overlying uterus.
41
Double layer of peritoneum attaching uterus to the pelvis?
Broad ligament
42
Part of the broad ligament surrounding A) ovary B) fallopian tube C) uterus?
A) mesovarium B) Mesosalpinx C) Mesometrium
43
What is A) anterior B) Lateral C) posterior borders of the perinium?
A) pubic symphisis B) Ischeal spines C) coccyx
44
Why is the perineum like a bowl?
Ishceal spines are lower than the PS and coccyx.
45
2 muscles of the pelvic diaphragm (deepest layer of perinium) ?
Levator ani | Coccygeus
46
Whichpart of levator ani maintains feacal continence?
Puborectalis - forms a sling round rectum, if it relaxes --> defecation.
47
Which nerve supplies A) pelvic/superior surface of levator ani? B) inferior surface of levator ani and most of perinium?
A) nerve to levator Ani (S3,4,5) | B) pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
48
Which triangle of the perinium is associated with external genitalia and urethra?
Urogenital triangle
49
Layers of urogenital triangle (deep - superficial)?
``` Deep perineal pouch Perineal membrane Superficial perineal pouch Perineal fascia Skin ```
50
In which layer is the deep transverse perineal muscle and bulbourethral glands of the MALE?
Deep perineal pouch
51
Perineal membrane and ____ make up the last passive tissue support of the pelvic organs?
Perineal body
52
What is the perineal body composed of?
Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which perineal muscles attach.
53
What is the function of perineal body in women?
Tear resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter.
54
Disruption of perineal body can lead to?
Prolapse
55
Perineal body acts as an attachment point for which muscles?
``` Levator ani Muscles of superficial pouch: - Ischiocaernosum - Bulbocavernosus/spongiosum - Transverse perineal ```
56
Erectile tissue of the male?
BULB - corpus sponhiosum | Crura - corpus cavernosum
57
Which muscle overlies corpus cavernousum and contracts to initiate erection?
bulbospongiosum
58
Which muscle overlies corpus cavernosum?
ischeocavernosum
59
Which muscle overlies crura and glans clitoris in female?
Ischiovcavernosum
60
Ischioanal fossa contains?
fat and connective tissue.

Repro anatomy (3 decks)

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