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Repro anatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the protein coat that surrounds the oocyte that dissapears by blastocyst stage to allow it to penetrate the endometrial wall?

A

Zena Pellucida

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2
Q

3 Components of an early blastocyst?

A

Outer layer of trophoblasts
Inner cell mass
Blastoceale - cavity

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3
Q

The trophoblasts will give rise to what and secrete what after implantation?

A

Placenta, secrete HCG

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4
Q

The inner cell mass will form a bilaminar disc composed of which two layers?

A

Epiblasts and hypoblasts

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5
Q

What is the process which includes the differentiation of this bilaminar disc to a trilaminar disc, and when does it occur?

A

Gastrulation. Begins immediately after implantation trilaminar disc is formed by 4 weeks.

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6
Q

Main steps of gastrulation?

A

Epiblasts invaginate through primitive streak
Bury into hypoblasts layer and differentiate
3rd middle layer formed –> mesoderm.
Epiblasts –> ectoderm
Hypoblasts –> endoderm.

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7
Q

After gastrulation is complete what process begins?

A

Nuerolation

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8
Q

In neurulation cells of the Mesoderm differentiate to form ____A____ and the Ectoderm thickens to form ___B___?

A

A. Notocord

B. Nueral plate

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9
Q

How does the nueral tube form from the nural plate?

A

Nueral groove (of plate) invaginates (dives towards notocord) and then seals as a tube in mesoderm

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10
Q

Ectoderm will become…?

A

Epidermis & Nervous system

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11
Q

Endoderm will become?

A

Lining of - gut, RT, bladder and urethra

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12
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into which 3 groups either side of notochord?

A

(from medial to lateral)
Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral

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13
Q

Visceral mesoderm laterally folds to form?

A

Gut tube

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14
Q

Somatic mesoderm folds laterally and zips anterior to form?

A

Somatic body

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15
Q

Space inbetween these that gives rise to pericardium, plueral cavity and peritoneal cavity is called?

A

Intra-embryonic coeleum

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16
Q

Urogenital system arises from which group of mesoderm?

A

Intermediate mesoderm.

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17
Q

During weeks 4-6 what migrates to teh intermediate mesoderm to start the sexual gonadal development?

A

PGCs - Primordial germ cells.

18
Q

coelemic epithelium (covers intermediate mesoderm) thickens and gives rise to?

A

genital ridges

19
Q

Which cells are formed during proliferation of coelomic epithelium which surround primordial germ cells?

A

Somatic support cells.

20
Q

The ambisexual phase gives rise to the development of which two ducts?

A

Wollfian duct & Mullerian.

21
Q

Where do these ducts connect?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

22
Q

Sexual differentiation occurs from which week onwards?

A

Week 7

23
Q

Which part of the Y chromosome is sex defining?

A

SRY region. –> male development.

24
Q

The PGCs mirgrate to intermnediate mesoderm and become enveloped in somatic supporting cells with proliferating epithelium around it this is now referred to as?

A

Primitive sex cords. - become either testis cords or cortical cords in female.

25
Q

In males somatic support cells develop into?

A

Sertoli cells

26
Q

what connects the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords?

A

Rete testis

27
Q

what is the name given to the thickened layer of connective tissue that forms between the coelomic epithelium and the testis cords (white coat over testes)?

A

Tunica albuginae

28
Q

what 2 things occur as a result of the sertoli cells that ensure internal MALE genital tract develops?

A
  1. AMH produced –> degeneration of mullerian (female duct)

2. Stimulation of leydig cell formation. Leydig cells secrete testosterone.

29
Q

How will those with persistant mullerian duct syndrome present?

A

Internal genital tract develops femal - Uterus, vagina and uterine tubes.
Testes in ovarian location
Male external genitalia

30
Q

What hormone must be secreted for
A) internal male genitalia
B) external male genitalia
???

A

A) AMH

B) DHT

31
Q

Testosterone acts on mesonephric (wollfian duct )to form which 3 structures? /

A
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferans
  • seminal vesicles
32
Q

Testes develop at which thoracic level?

A

10th

33
Q

Muscle layer which doesnt contribute to spermatic cord?

A

transverse abdominus.

34
Q

Name given to undescended testes?

A

cryptorchidism

35
Q

Which 3 accessory glands arise near junction of wollfian duct and urethra?

A
  • Prostate
    Bulbourethral
    Seminal Vesicle
36
Q

Female development occurs in the absence of ?

A

SRY transcription factor

37
Q

In female development somatic support cells differentiate into?

A

Granulosa cells.

38
Q

Granulosa cells secrete oestrogen which stimulates devlepment of mullerian ducts into ?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior vagina

39
Q

3 parts of mullerian duct?

A
  • Cranial
  • Caudal
  • Horizontal
40
Q

which portion of the mullerian duct opens into developing peritoneal cavity?

A

Cranial

41
Q

What is hypospadius?

A

External urethral opening lies abnormally along ventral aspect of penis.

Repro anatomy (3 decks)

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