Peers Flashcards
what does the change in peer groups look like from childhood to adolescence?
childhood: 3-4 friends, shared interests
adolescence: intimacy/loyal/trust, more time spent unsupervised, mixed gender
What does the relationship with parents look like in adolescence?
They spend less like with their parents, the relationship diminishes a bit which is why parents get afraid but they are still extremely important for making BIG decisions like education and career.
The relationship rebuilds in adulthood
Intimacy:
children seek to escape loneliness and gain a sense of well-being by developing a “specific new type of interest in a particular member of the same sex who becomes a chum or a close friend”
Attachment:
secure, anxious, disorganized
secure: easily make friends, are never worried about if a friend is upset with them, better regulate emotions
anxious: more difficult to keep friends, need more validation/reassurance
the attachment style we have with our parents will translate to our future friendships + relationships
Co-rumination
girls feel the same emotions that their friends feel
4 things for social support:
informational, instrumental, companionship, esteem
What are the 2 selection processes?
propinquity: propinquity
homophily: age (1 older friend can provide safety), sex, race, shared behavior
cliques vs. crowds
clique: up to 6 people, do things together, not stable but the person forming them is stable in doing it
crowds: reputation-based (ex: jock, nerd), a way for ados to know where they belong socially, don’t necessarily need to hang out with one another
Perceived popularity
social dominance - popular but not necessarily liked/disliked
sociometric popularity
based on likeability - the extent to which they are accepted/preferred
4 categories of popularity
popular
neglected
controversial
rejected
popular: lots of positive, few negative
neglected: neither positive nor negative (very few)
controversial: a mix of both positive and negative
rejected: low positive, high negative
Goal framing theory
adolescents use popularity to achieve something
2 types of goals
egocentric: this is how I feel… whats in it for me?
normative: “we goals” - helping others
2 types of aggression
Instrumental (proactive): get something out of being aggressive
Reactive: just reacting to a situation with aggression
What is it called when adolescents are aggressive but don’t get in trouble?
dominantly aggressive + socially accepted
Rejection: aggressive-withdrawn
don’t have good social + regulation skills
some are more sensitive to peer rejection
What is the link between the social brain and peer rejection?
they ask “will I be rejected?”
chronically rejected = higher brain activity in certain regions = high impact on mental health
Three things associated with bullying
power imbalance
intentionality
repetition
who are those watching + defender?
bystander
defenders help the victim and increase their power… they can also change the behavior of other bystanders
What are some parental characteristics that can lead to a child being a bully?
education, school involvement, lone parents, communication
authoritarian parenting (low warmth)
attitudes: “fight back” + “my kids not a bully”
equifinality + multifinality
equifinality: early experiences lead to later outcomes
multifinality: different states result from different pathways that = different outcomes
narcissism and bullying
entitlement/privilege = less empathy = instrumental aggression
