pee

Question 1

relationship of bladder to peritoneum

Answer 1

extraperitoneal

Question 2

retropubic space aka

Answer 2

space of Retzius

Question 3

area posterior to bladder in a male is called __ recess

Answer 3

retrovesical recess

Question 4

pouch of Douglas aka

Answer 4

PCDS
recto-uterine pouch

Question 5

ACDS aka

Answer 5

vesico-uterine pouch

Question 6

__ of bladder related to the urachus

Answer 6

apex

Question 7

__ of bladder related to urethra

Answer 7

neck

Question 8

__ of bladder related to cervix in females

Answer 8

angle

Question 9

hematoma or fluid in space of retzius can displace the bladder __

Answer 9

posteriorly

Question 10

bladder is lined by __

Answer 10

transitional epithelium
(folds/rugae when empty)

Question 11

normal thickness of bladder wall

Answer 11

3 mm when full
6 mm when empty

Question 12

smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder called the

Answer 12

trigone

Question 13

__ is formed by 2 ureteral orifices and internal urethral orifice

Answer 13

trigone

Question 14

if no urine jet is seen after __ minutes, ureter is likely obstructed

Answer 14

15 min

Question 15

bladder develops from __

Answer 15

cloaca

Question 16

allantois becomes __

Answer 16

urachus

Question 17

extension from umbilicus to apex of bladder

Answer 17

urachus

Question 18

post partum, urachus becomes atretic fibrous cord called the __

Answer 18

median umbilical ligament

Question 19

urachal anomalies

Answer 19

persistent urachus (pee from belly button)

urachal sinus

urachal diverticulum

urachal cyst

Question 20

why do we care about the urachus

Answer 20

potential site for TCC

Question 21

prolapse and cystic dilatation of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder lumen

Answer 21

ureterocele

can block ureter

Question 22

ectopic ureterocele often associated with

Answer 22

complete duplication

involves ureter that drains the upper pole moity

Question 23

ureterocele demographic

Answer 23

most common in females

10% bilat

Question 24

congenital dilatation of ureter WITHOUT demonstrable cause

Answer 24

congenital megaureter

often associated with megacalyces

Question 25

congenital megaureter demographic

Answer 25

more common in males more common to the left looks like hydrosalpinx

Question 26

inflammation of the bladder

Answer 26

cystitis

Question 27

cause of cystitis

Answer 27

bacterial infection common more common in females

Question 28

length of female urethra vs male

Answer 28

4cm female 20cm male

Question 29

increased frequency, dysuria, lower abd pain

Answer 29

likely cystitis

Question 30

sono features of acute cystitis

Answer 30

normal - tender diffuse or focal wall thickening (mucosa) internal echoes

Question 31

technique to use with bladder sludge or stone

Answer 31

turn pt to show movement think of bladder like a GB

Question 32

which type of cystitis would you see intramural air

Answer 32

emphysematous (DM)

Question 33

fibrous, echogenic wall irregularity in bladder

Answer 33

chronic cystitis

Question 34

which artifact can mimic sludge in bladder

Answer 34

beam width artifact (slice thickness) reverberation side lobe

Question 35

air in the lumen of bladder??

Answer 35

may be due to intervention, trauma, or fistula

Question 36

sono feature of blood clot/ hemorrhage in bladder lumen

Answer 36

may be mobile - turn pt may adhere to wall and mimic tumour use Doppler

Question 37

cause of bladder calculi

Answer 37

urinary stasis existing nudis (suture, staple, stent, foley)

Question 38

autosomal recessive disease causing excessing cystine in urine

Answer 38

cystinuria formation of stones in kd, ureter, and bladder **amino acid can be star shaped +++ twinkle

Question 39

sterile gel used to treat vesicoreteral reflux (adj to UVJ)

Answer 39

deflux procedure puts extrinsic pressure on UVJ, reducing size of opening and preventing urine from flowing backward into ureter

Question 40

cystic outpouching of bladder wall usually acquired from pressure

Answer 40

diverticulum

Question 41

demographic for diverticulae

Answer 41

older pt neurogenic bladder obstruction **some are congenital

Question 42

risks associated with bladder diverticulum

Answer 42

stasis, stones, infection increased risk of TCC

Question 43

TURP aka

Answer 43

trans urethral resection of the prostate common procedure to relieve pressure due to prostatic hypertrophy

Question 44

sono features of TURP

Answer 44

wedge-shaped defect in prostate at bladder neck **pitfall diverticulum

Question 45

dmeographic for TCC

Answer 45

older pt >60 y M > F smoking, chemical exposure polyploid or infiltrative

Question 46

role of u/s in TCC

Answer 46

secondary in dx and staging often found incidentally

Question 47

mets to bladder usually associated with which primary

Answer 47

adj organs invading cervix, uterus, rectum

Question 48

common reasons for bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 48

BPH tumours stones clots ectopic ureterocele posterior urethral valves

Question 49

sono features of acute bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 49

dilated thin walled bladder large post void residual +/- bital hydro

Question 50

sono features of chronic bladder obstruction

Answer 50

lumen may be small wall thickened trabeculae +/- diverticulae often bilat hydro

Question 51

3 types of bladder reconstruction

Answer 51

urinary conduit catherterization stoma neobladder ** all loops of vascularized bowel; just diff in where/how they drain

Question 52

what is the dx if ++ diverticulae that are MOVING

Answer 52

neo bladder

Question 53

congenital maldevelopment of prostatic urethra at the verumontanum

Answer 53

posterior urethral valves

Question 54

associations with posterior urethral valves

Answer 54

bladder obstruction bilat hydro oligo in utero

Question 55

'sign' with posterior urethral valves

Answer 55

'keyhole' sign

Question 56

dysfunctional bladder secondary to loss of nervous control

Answer 56

neurogenic bladder

Question 57

causes of neurogenic bladder

Answer 57

trauma spinal cord injury congenital spinal cord pathology DM

Question 58

sono appearance of neurogenic bladder

Answer 58

often small lumen wall thickening trabeculae +/- diverticulae **similar appearance to chronic bladder outlet obstruction (diff in the cause)

Question 59

why does a foley catheter shadow

Answer 59

trick q. it doesn't but might see some shadow due to air or calcific crusties

Question 60

most common ureteral tumour

Answer 60

TCC

Question 61

proximal ureter is at the level of the __

Answer 61

bladder

Question 62

distal ureter is at the level of the __

Answer 62

kidneys