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Pedslab1 Flashcards

1
Q

An infant’s head is ______% of total body surface.

A

25%

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2
Q

Infants & children have _____ tongues compared to size of oral cavity. (smaller, larger)

A

Larger

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3
Q

TorF: Intubation is normally easier in infants than adults due to abscence of airway diseases.

A

False: False; Intubation is more diffictult as airway obstruction is more prevalent

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4
Q

What two anatomical features can predispose children to airway obstruction during illness when they may swell.

A

Tonsils, adenoids

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5
Q

What is the narrowest portion in the pediatric patient making the airway funnel shaped until around 8 yrs old

A

Cricoid

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6
Q

T or F: In blood pressure assessment; after 1 year of age leg pressure is 10-20 mm/hg higher than arm

A

True

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7
Q

T or F: Assessing blood pressure changes is a quick, non invasive way to catch changes in status early.

A

False: Blood pressure will compensate for a long time so not a really good tool to assess degree of distress

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8
Q

What is a normal BP for a neonate?

A

50/30

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9
Q

What is a normal BP for infants?

A

87-105 / 53-66 : 90/60

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10
Q

What is a normal BP for Toddler?

A

97-112 / 57-71; or 100/60

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11
Q

What is a normal BP for school age child?

A

97-112 / 57-71; 105/66

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12
Q

What is a normal BP for a teen?

A

112-128/66-80 same as adult

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13
Q

What is a normal urine output for an infant?

A

1-2 cc/kg/hr

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14
Q

What is a normal urine output for a child?

A

1cc/kg/hr

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15
Q

What is a normal urine output for a teen?

A

0.5 cc/kg/hr

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16
Q

Name some signs of increased intracranial pressure?

A

Decreased responsiveness (irritability, lethargy
Inability to follow commands
decreased spontaneous movement
decreased response to painful stimulus
Pupil dilation with decreased response to light
Bulging Fontanel

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17
Q

What are the late signs of increased intracranial pressure?

A

Hypertension
Change in HR
Apnea

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18
Q

When inspecting a patient and you notice a barrel chest shaped chest what does this indicate?

A

Barrel Chest Chronic hyperinflation

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19
Q

When you inspect a child and notice a dusky color of membranes, what could this mean?

A

THis is a cyanotic sign of hypoxia (cynasos itself may be a late sign)

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20
Q

When viewing the skin & it appears mottled this may mean?

a. anemia
b. severe vasoconstriction
c. decreased perfusion
d. increased PVR

A

C. Decreased perfusion may be evidenced with a mottled appearance on the skin

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21
Q 
If you notice a gray or ashen appearance to the skin of an infant this may indicate:
A. severe vasoconstriction or anemia
B. severe vasoconstriction
C. decreased perfusion
D. late sign of cyanosis
A

B. severe vasoconstriction

if you see a pale appearance this can indicate severe vasoconstriction or anemia

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22
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for a neonate (28 days or younger)?

A

30-60 bpm

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23
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for toddlers/infants?

A

24-40 bpm

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24
Q

what is a normal respiratory rate for children from 3-12 yrs old?

A

18-34 bpm

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25
How does a neonate compensate for the fact they cannot regulate depth of breathing?
They will increase or decrease their respiratory rate
26
Periodic breathing may occur and is not seen as pathologic as long as it does not last longer than _____.
10 seconds; also may not be color change or bradycardia
27
True apnea is ______ in duration and associated with ______ dysfunction.
15-20 seconds; CNS dysfunction
28
_______ indicate the use of accessory muscles to expand the chest outward, in an attempt to increase chest volume.
Retractions
29
A normal capillary refill should be less than ___ seconds
2
30
A normal heart rate for the following: | Birth - 1 yr
100-188
31
In the servo I there are 2 patient population selections: adult or infnat; If I accidentally select infant how does this affect ventilation?
When you select infant it limits the Vt; likewise; if you select adult you will not be able to get Vt below 1
32
On the Servo I there is a mode that instead of measuring pressure or flow measures what?
Diaphragm movement via an esophogeal proble; its used as a way to minimize the WOB
33
When an infant is intubated where should the ET tube appear on the x-ray?
Below the clavicle, above the carina
34
If you have an infant that ways 2.4 kg what size ET tube should you use & how many should be made available & at what sizes?
2.4 kg baby should have a 3.5 mm ET tube; During intubation you should have a tube 1/2 size smaller at 3 mm & 1/2 size larger at size 4.0 mm
35
What is the most appropriate ET tube size for a baby weighing over 3 kg?
3.5 to 4.0 mm
36
If a baby weighs less than 1 kg what is the correct ET tube size for this baby.
2.5 mm
37
What is the formula you can use to find the correct et tube for a child who is 4 yrs old and what is the correct tube size for this child? Should it be cuffed or uncuffed?
Formula for uncuffed = 4 + (age in yrs/4) | correct tube size is 5 mm
38
What is the formula you use to find ET tube size on a cuffed tube?
3 + (age in years/4)
39
When bagging an infant you should bag every 1 to 1.5 seconds with a total of ________. breaths a min.
30-40
40
What is correct suction pressure for preemies & neonates?
60-80 for neonates | 80-100 for full term
41
What are two ways you can find the correct catheter size?
3xID/2 or | ID x 2 & take next smallest size
42
If a baby weighs less than ____ they cannot be trachd
5 kg
43
Name the 5 parameters of assessment of a newborn to determine the apgar score?
``` Respiratory effort Heart rate Color Tone Reflex irritability ```
44
If you noticed a baby who was born acrocyanotic; he is pink with blue extremities; how would you score this parameter?
1
45
When evaluationg reflex irritability and you see the baby cry/ actively withdraw; what apgar score would you assign?
2--best socre for category; if grimace only=1 or if no response then a 0
46
If a baby is born with a HR below 100 what would you score this parameter of APGAR?
1
47
If you noticed a baby born exhibiting a weak cry or hypoventilation how would you score this in APGAR?
Under respiratory effort he would socre a 1; absent respiratory effort would be 0 & good, strong crying would be a 2
48
What is a normal HR for a neonate?
120-160
49
Tachycardia is defined as a HR above ____; bradycardia is defined as HR below ____.
>160 | <100
50
Name 3 items you can assess to judge ventilation?
Chest Movement; labored breathing, respirations
51
What items can help you assess oxygenation?
HR, Color, mucous membranes, Spo2, sensorium
52
Hemodynamics are an indicator of _____.
Perfusion
53
Name 4 mandatory parts of self inflating bags?
Air inlet: 1 way valve that air to bag Oxygen inlet: connects to O2 source Patient outlet: where air goes to et tube Valve assembly: this valve opens when bag is squeezed releasing O2/air to the lungs of patient; at exhale the valve will close
54
Which part of the self inflating bag will prevent rebreathing
Valve assembly
55
When using the babylog 8000; this vent is ____ cycled and ____ limited
time cycled & pressure limited
56
What is the max weight that can be ventilated on babylog 8000?
22 lbs
57
What setting on the babylog allows you to adjust your levels of bias flow?
VIVE
58
``` In the Baby log vent; what modes will allow for spontaneous breathing? 1. CMV 2. SIMV 3. Assist Control A. 1&2 B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 3 D. All of the above ```
A. CMV & SIMV will allow for spontaneous breathing
59
In the baby log vent what mode requires all mandatory breath?
Assist Control
60
This mode on the babylog allows for spontaneous breathing but is not synchronized
CMV
61
T or F: CPAP is permissible on babylog 8000
True
62
What is the rationale for using the VIVE feature?
To reduce the work of breathing
63
T or F: ATC will compensate for the compressible volume lost in the patient's circuit?
False; ATC is designed to compensate for the ET Tube, not vent circuit
64
If the flow sensor is not in place on the baby.og 8000 what alarm is disabled?
Apnea
65
On the Babylog, which alarms are therapist set?
MV, Alarm delay, apnea time, tachypnea
66
In what patients should PSV not be utlized?
Leakage rates ?> 40%
67
In VIVE, when is inspiratory flow applied? When is expiratory flow applied?
Inspiratory flow applied to mandatory breaths | Expiratory flow applied to spontaneous or CPAP
68
On the waveform graphic, what does the dotted line represent?
End of Expiration time, or peak Paw
69
What could be a potential problem if your flows are too low on the oxyhood? What is a good lpm to use?
Would not be adequate for CO2 washout; need to maintain minimum of 4-6 lpm
70
What type of problem can be created for a baby in an oxyhood?
Loud noise
71
What is the maximum weight you can use in a high flow oscillator:
2 kg
72
What is a normal Vt in babies & children?
6-8 ml/kg
73
In CPAP, what parameters cannot be monitored?
Vt or I:E

Peds (6 decks)

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