Diseases 2 for test retake Flashcards

1
Q

In the case of pneumothorax where should the chest tube be placed?
A. Inserted outside of the alveoli but within mediastinum
B. At the bottom of the lung, the lower lobe to facilitate removal by pressure gradient
C. Inserted at 2nd or 3rd intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
D. Inserted directly into the affected lung lobe to force out air from lung cavity

A

C. Insert chest tube at 2nd or 3rd intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line

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2
Q

What level of pressure is used in chest tube for infant?

A

When connected to underwater seal drainage unit, it should have -20 cmH2O

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3
Q

When air trapping is present due to pneumothorax regional over-distention may occur when
A. Less compliant alveoli require adjustments to pressure
B. Increased resistance causes more stress on alveoli
C. Both dynamic compliance & static compliance decline
D. when compliant alveoli are next to atelectatic alveoli which can cause rupture and PIE

A

D

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4
Q

How do you find the OI, what is the formula?

A

MAP x FIO2 x 100 / PaO2

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5
Q

Indications for use of nitric oxide is hypoxic respiratory failure as indicated by OI score of ____________.

A

Greater than 25

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6
Q

When administering NO you should begin at _____ ppm and after _____ hours you will consider decreasing to ______ ppm if patient is stable and able to keep PO2> 60; pH

A

20 ppm is beginning dose
After 4 hours may decrease to 5 ppm
70%

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7
Q

_______ is an inflammatory bowel process resulting in injury to the intestinal mucosa.

A

NEC or nectrotizing entercolitis

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8
Q
The primary risk factor for developing NEC is?
A. Meconium aspiration
B. Prematurity
C. Diaphragmatic hernia
D. Mechanical ventilation
A

B. Prematurity is primary risk factor; other associated risks are hypoxia & GI infection

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9
Q
NEC can be seen in term infants & is associated with
I. Congenital heart disease
II. Polycythemia
III Birth asphyxia
IV. Prenatal diabetes mellitus
A. 1 & II
B. I & III
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III, IV
A

C. I, II, III

CHD, polycythemia, birth asphyxia

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10
Q
This sign of respiratory distress results from exhalation against a partially closed glottis?
A. Stridor
B. Wheezing
C. Grunting
D. Rhonchi
A

C. Grunting

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11
Q

Select the correct statments pertaining to retractions:
I. Retractions involve the outward movement of chest wall
II. They may occur between ribs (intercostal) above the clavicle (supraclavicular) or below rib margins (Subcostal)l
III Seen most commonly in newborns due to their high compliance chest wall;
IV. As the diaphragm is forcefully contracted the abdomen will protrude
V. Negative pressure causes inward movement of anterior chest wall, produces a see saw pattern
A. I, II, III
B. I, II, III, IV
C. II, III, IV, V
D. I, II, III, IV, V

A

C: (answer 1 incorrect as retractions involve inward movement of chest wall)

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12
Q

Nasal flaring involves the flaring of nostrils during _______ (inspiration or expiration)

A

Nasal flaring occurs during inspiration

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13
Q

Tachypnea in newborn is a RR > _______.

A

60 bpm

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14
Q

T or F: An infants temperature is a vital part of the infants acid / base status.

A

True

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15
Q

A normal RR is ______ for a newborn.

A

30-60 bpm

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16
Q

T or F: It is best to evaluate an infants RR when cyring if possible.

A

False; should not be taken when crying

17
Q

T or F: An episode of apnea which can last as long as 10 seconds in infants is known as periodic breathing which normally indicates this infant has a disease abnormality; continuing dx evaluation is vital to treat condition.

A

False; periodic breathing is normal if not associated with cyanosis or bradycardia

18
Q

T or F Primary apnea normally will stop once an infant is stimulated; secondary apnea patients will not start breathing on their own.

A

True

19
Q

In the case of significant apnea, this condition is usually present?

A

Bradycardia

20
Q

________ is another method of scoring acute respiratory distress in the neonate. The higher the score the more severe stress.
A. Ballard score
B. Silverman score
C. Dubowitz score

A

B. Silverman is another method of scoring degree of respiratory distress in infants