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Peds N304 > Peds Week 6 Respiratory > Flashcards

Peds Week 6 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

How is the child’s respiratory system different from the adult’s?

A
  1. chest diameter is smaller
  2. abdominal breathing
  3. increased rib pliability
  4. shorter/narrower pharynx and airways
  5. increased compliance
  6. fewer alveoli
  7. short and open eustachian tube
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2
Q

What work of breathing characteristics should be assessed?

A
  • head bobbing
  • nasal flaring
  • grunting
  • intercostal retractions
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3
Q

What are 4 causes of common upper RTIs?

A
  1. Otits media
  2. tonsilitis
  3. viral and bacterial causes
  4. croup syndromes
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4
Q

What are 2 causes of lower RTIs?

A
  1. Bronchiolitis

2. Pneumonia

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5
Q

What are 4 chronic respiratory disorders?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. allergies
  3. BPD
  4. CF
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6
Q

What causes Otitis media? why?

A

HIB and S. pneumoniae

short/horizontal eustachian tubes doen’t allow proper fluid drainage

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7
Q

what are contributing factors for OM?

A

URI
allergy
second hand smoke
supine feeding

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8
Q

what decreases incidence of OM?

A

Breast feeding

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9
Q

What assessment findings indicate OM?

A 
earache
irritability
fever
head rolling
anorexia
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10
Q

What treatment is indicated for OM?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics
  • analgesics (Acetaminophen)
  • Surgery (myringotomy, tympanostomy)
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11
Q

What nursing care is indicated for OM?

A
  • pain
  • knowledge deficit re: Ab therapy and care for tympanostomy tubes
  • Sensory-perception alteration: decreased conductive hearing, speech therapy
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12
Q

What are the S/s of otitis externa?

A

pain
itching
edema
redness

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13
Q

What is the purpose of cerumen? what causes loss of cerumen?

A
  • protects the ear canal
  • repels water
  • maintains acidic ear canal to protect from bacterial growth
  • moisture causes significant loss of cerumen
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14
Q

How is OE diagnosed and what is treatment?

A

Dx- physical exam

Tx- topical Ab/ steroids, acetaminophen, keep ears dry, no foreign bodies

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15
Q

Tonsillitis is often assoicated with _____. Causative agents include ___ and ____.

A

Pharyngitis

Viral and Group A beta hemolytic streptocci

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16
Q

What S/s are seen with tonsillitis?

A 
fever
sore throat, hoarseness
dysphagia
mouth breathing
pharyngeal/ tonsillar exudate
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
17
Q

what causes strep pharyngitis/tonsillitis?

A

inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx due to GABHS infection

18
Q

What is the nursing care for viral tonsillits?

Bacterial?

A

warm gargles, fluids, cool moist air, bedrest and analgesics

Penicillin

19
Q

What is the priority post-operative care following tonsillectomy?

A

positioning: abdomen or side lying to promote clear airway.
Avoid red fluids.
Suction away secretions.

20
Q

What are common concerns following tonsillectomy?

A

mouth odor
ear pain
fever
muffled voice

21
Q

What are the 3 Croup syndromes?

A

Acute spasmodic croup (laryngitis)
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
Acute epiglottitis

22
Q

What is the classic symptom of spasmodic croup?

What is the applicable nursing care?

A

Barking cough

Home care, warm mist, humidify air (warmth decreases inflammation in airway)

23
Q

What causes acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Parainfluenza virus
RSV
influenza
mycoplasma pneumoniae

24
Q

What is the Ns care for Acute LTB?

A 
Resp assessment
Misted air/ O2
Racemic Epi
Corticosteroids
Fluid support
Rest and calm
25
Q

What is the most common cause of Epiglottis?

Cardinal S/s?

A

HIB

Drooling, Dysphagia, Dysphonia, Distressed respiratory efforts

26
Q

What must be avoided with epiglottis?

A

leaving child alone

examination or culture attempts may trigger complete airway obstruction

27
Q

What is the priority nursing care for epiglottis?

A
  1. No cultures or inspection
  2. maintain airway
  3. Keep intubation and trach equipment available
  4. IV antibiotics and steroids
28
Q

Compare for age group:

  1. Spasmodic Croup
  2. Acute LTB
  3. Epiglottis
A
  1. 1-3 years old
  2. < 5
  3. 2-5
29
Q

Compare for cause:

  1. Spasmodic Croup
  2. Acute LTB
  3. Epiglottis
A
  1. Viral
  2. Viral
  3. Bacterial
30
Q

Compare for specific Clinical signs:

  1. Spasmodic Croup
  2. Acute LTB
  3. Epiglottis
A
  1. Abrupt, nighttime, stridor, cough
  2. Slow onset, stridor, dyspnea, retractions
  3. Abrupt, rapid, drooling, tripod, fever

Peds N304 (4 decks)

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