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Peds N304 > Peds Midterm Week 4 > Flashcards

Peds Midterm Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What environmental factors contribute to cleft lip and palate?

A

Maternal smoking, ETOH, Folic Acid deficiency

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2
Q

What drugs or chemicals contribute to cleft lip and palate?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin), Valproic Acid (Depakote)

Thalidomide, Diosin (a pesticide from burning trash)

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3
Q

What are nursing considerations for cleft lip/palate?

A

Risk for altered parenting
Risk for aspiration
Risk for altered nutrition: less than body requirements
Risk for infection

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4
Q

What is cheiloplasty and when should it be performed on the infant?

A

Cleft lip repar, 10 wks, 10 lbs

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5
Q

What is appropriate post-op care w/ cheiloplasty?

A
  1. Suture line care (p. jelly, diluted peroxide, saline, 2. Logan Bow or butterfly)
  2. Avoid sucking or vigorous crying
  3. SUPINE OR SIDE-LYING POSTION WITH ARM RESTRAINTS
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6
Q

What are long term considerations for cheiloplasty?

A

staged repair (multiple surgeries
self-image
acceptance
feeding

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7
Q

What is STaphylorrhaphy?

A

Cleft Palate repair, 6-18 months

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8
Q

What post-op care is important in cleft palate repair?

A 
4Ps:
Post-op
Prone (immediate recovery)
Packing 
Protect (suture line)
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9
Q

What are the LT considerations for cleft palate repair?

A

Middle ear infections
Upper RTI
hearing screening
speech therapy

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10
Q

What is Gastroschisis and what causes it?

A

herniation of the abdominal viscera outside the abdominal cavity thru a defect in the wall to the side of the umbilicus.
Caused by: young moms, smoking, OTC (tylenol, sudafed and aspirin)

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11
Q

What is Omphalocele? what is it associated with?

A

intraabdominal contents herniated THROUGH the umbilical cord; enclosed by a translucent sac that umbilical cord inserts into.
Associated with congential anomalies such as Edwards Syndrome, Trisomy 18/21
mom >30 years old

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12
Q

What manifestations are seen with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

A

Polydramnios in utero
frothy saliva, drooling
coughing, choking cyanosis, reflux thru nose, aspiration of feedings
aspiration pneumonia

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13
Q

What are post-op respiratory complications with EA and TEF surgery?

A

Ateclectasis
pneumothorax
laryngeal edema

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14
Q

What is the danger of a hernia?

A

constriction which causes impaired circulation

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15
Q

What is Meckels Diverticulum?

A

outpocketing pouch with gastric or pancreatic tissue that secrets HCl or panc enzymes and causes irritation, ulceration or abscess.
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RECTAL BLEEDING

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16
Q

What is the key indicator of Meckels divertiuclum?

A

Bright red rectal bleeding with no pain

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17
Q

What is the cause of gastroesophageal reflux?

A

dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and delay in gastric emptying

18
Q

What are the S/s of GERD?

A 
Weight loss or poor weight gain
Irritability
Frequent regurgitation
Heartburn or Chest pain
Hematemesis
Dysphagia
19
Q

What is Obstipation?

What is Encopresis?

A
  1. long intervals b/w stools

2. constipation with fecal soiling

20
Q

What is the peak age for appendicitis?

A

10 to 12 years

21
Q

What is pyloric stenosis and what is the key characteristic?

A

hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pyloric muscle causing food not to go down GI tract and results in metabolic acidosis.
Key sign: PROJECTILE VOMITING

22
Q

What are the key S/s of intussuception?

A
  1. 50% occur in 3-12 month olds and 50% in 1-2 year olds.
  2. Episodes of acute abdominal pain with intervals of no pain associated with peristalsis
  3. Later- CURRANT JELLY STOOLS and abdominal distention
23
Q

What is the treatment for intussuception?

A

Barium, air or water soluble contrast enema under pressure sometimes reduces the invagination; other wise SURGICAL REDUCTION

24
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon: absence of Parasympathetic innervation of the colon results in abscence of peristalsis.
Associated with failure of internal sphincter to relax. All causes collection of bowel contents, distention of bowel, injury to the bowel wall and enterocolits

25
Q

How does Hirshcrprungs Disease manifest in the newborn? older infant or child?

A

infat: fails to pass meconium, anorexia, vomitin
older infant/child: fails to gain wt, abd distention, constipation and fecal masses
RIBBON STOOLS THAT ARE FOUL SMELLING

26
Q

What does Celiac Disease result from?

A

the bodies inability to digest gliadin which is protien part of wheat, rye, barley and oats.

27
Q

What does celiac manifest in (stool)?

A

Steatorrhea (fatty stools), foul, floating feces

Malabsorption of protein and carbs

28
Q

What should pt with celiac disease be assessed for?

A

osteoporosis due to malabsoprtion of fat soluble vitamins.
Assess for calcium deposits - abdominal pain
Irritibility from anemia
needs endoscopy to diagnose

29
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

obstruction or absence of the extrahepatic bile ducts. causes bile to be trapped in liver causing jaundice and cirrhosis.

30
Q

What are the S/s of biliary atresia?

A

clay colored stools (lack of conjugated bili in intestines)
increased bili in blood
failure to gain weight

31
Q

What procedure can be done to allow bile to flow from the liver in the infant with biliary atresia?

A

Kasai procedure

32
Q

What other conditions does biliary atresia cause that the nurse needs to assess for?

A

portal hypertension
ascites
bleeding (PT and vit k)
itching

33
Q

How is naturally acquired active immunity achieved?

A

Contract the disease

34
Q

How is naturally acquired passive immunity acheived?

A

get antibodies from mom thru placenta

Ex. IgG antibody passed to fetus

35
Q

How is artificially acquired active immunity achieved?

A

immunization- antibody production stimulated w/o clinical disease (Ag is given as vaccine)

36
Q

What is a Passive immunization?

A

administration of pooled antibodies.
Ex. IVIG or IG
Hep A and B (HBIG), RSV, Rabies, VZIG

37
Q

Provide 3 examples of live, attenuated vaccines.

A

MMR
Varicella
Nasal Influenza

38
Q

Provide 3 examples of Inactivated vaccines.

A

DtaP
IPV
Hep B
Influenza vaccine

39
Q

What does “live attenuated” mean?

A

a live organism was grown under suboptimal conditions which results in a live vaccine with reduced virulence.

40
Q

What is a “recomginant” vaccine?

A

an organism has been genetically altered for use in the vaccine
Ex. Hep B or acellular Pertussis

41
Q

What is a Conjugated form of vaccine?

A

an altered substance joined with another substance to increase the immune response
Ex. Hib is conjugated with the tetanus toxoid

Peds N304 (4 decks)

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