Peds Test # 3 Emergencies

Question 1

What is the leading cause of death in infants under 1 year?

Answer 1

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) - Peak incidence between 2-4 months.

Question 2

What are the 7 characteristics of SIDS?

Answer 2

1) Autopsy usually finds evidence of struggle and frothy secretions
2) Occurs more often in the fall and winter
3) Most deaths are unobserved
4) Child is typically found dead in the morning
5) Sometimes, mild respiratory illness may precede the death
6) Proposed causes include airway obstruction

Question 3

What are the 5 infant risk factors for SIDS?

Answer 3

1) Prematurity
2) LBW
3) Twin or triplet
4) Race - (NA, B, H, W)
5) Sleeping on abdomen

Question 4

What are the 8 maternal and familial risk factors for SIDS?

Answer 4

1) Maternal age < 20
2) Hx of smoking
3) Anemia
4) Multiple pregnancies
5) Sibling occurrences
6) Low socioeconomic status
7) Poor prenatal care
8) Low weight gain

Question 5

What are the 5 appropriate parent teaching for avoid SIDS?

Answer 5

1) Avoid smoking
2) Use supine sleeping position
3) Avoid soft, moldable bedding
4) Discourage bed sharing
5) Avoid infant overheating in sleep

Question 6

Way are the 5 things to keep in mind about Near drowning?

Answer 6

1) It’s more prevalent in 4yrs and younger
2) Defined as a resuscitation and survival for 24 hrs after injury
3) Most occur in private pools
4) A child can drown in 2 inches of water
5) Toddlers are top heavy, therefore large buckets are dangerous

Question 7

What 4 things are vital to know during the assessment of child admitted for poisoning?

Answer 7

1) Amount of substance ingested
2) Time of ingestion
3) Change in child’s condition
4) Tx administered at home

Question 8

What are the 4 methods used to manage child poisoning?

Answer 8

1) Gastric lavage
2) Activated charcoal
3) Naloxone HCl (narcan)
4) Syrup of Ipecac (not recommended)

Question 9

What are the 3 main sources of Lead Poisoning (aka Plumbism)?

Answer 9

1) Paint
2) Pottery
3) Jewelry/toys

Question 10

What are the 4 SxS of Plumbism?

Answer 10

1) Irritability
2) Sleepiness/⬇ activity
3) N & V/ diarrhea / constipation
4) ⬆ ICP & CNS SxS

Question 11

What are the 2 methods used to diagnose Lead Poisoning?

Answer 11

1) CBC - Anemia

2) X-rays - Lead lines

Question 12

What are the 4 methods used in the treatment of Lead Poisoning?

Answer 12

1) Chelating agents
2) Hydration
3) Identify the lead source
4) Educate the parents

Question 13

What are the SxS of Aspirin Poisoning (aka Acetylsalicylic acid: ASA)?

Answer 13

1) GI - N&V > dehydration and thirst.
2) CNS - Hyperventilation, LOC changes, tinnitus, seizure, respiratory failure, circulatory collapse.
3) Renal - Oliguria
4) Hematopoietic - Bleeding tendencies
5) Metabolic - Diaphoresis, dehydration, fever, ⬇ Na, K, and blood sugar, and metabolic acidosis.

Question 14

What are the 6 methods of treatment used for Aspirin Poisoning?

Answer 14

1) Gastric lavage/activated charcoal
2) IV: Na bicarbonate/electrolytes
3) Vitamin K
4) Glucose for ⬇ blood sugar
5) Temp regulation
6) Hemodialysis

Question 15

What is the significance of the following acronyms int the context of child abuse:

1) NAT
2) BCS
3) MSP

Answer 15

1) NAT - Non Accidental Trauma
2) BCS - Battered Child Syndrome
3) MSP - Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Question 16

Describe Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.

Answer 16

An illness that one person fabricates or induces in another often for the purpose of seeking attention from the medical staff.

Question 17

What are the 6 parenteral characteristics of child abuse?

Answer 17

1) Negative relationship with their own parents
2) Social isolation/no support system
3) Low self esteem
4) Increased stress
5) Uninformed or normal growth & deviation
6) Lack of knowledge or parental skills

Question 18

What are the 6 child characteristics of child abuse?

Answer 18

1) Temperament
2) Position in the family
3) Additional needs
4) Activity level
5) Illegitimacy
6) Premature

Question 19

What are the 6 risk factors for child abuse?

Answer 19

1) Children under 3 years
2) Physically or mentally disabled
3) Unwanted pregnancy
4) Children perceived as being different
5) Premature
6) LBW

Question 20

What are the 5 significant things to look for when assessing. Child you suspect has been abused?

Answer 20

1) Injuries don’t correlate with stated cause
2) Delay in seeking medical care
3) Conflicting stories about injury
4) Complaint other than obvious injury
5) Inappropriate caregiver or child espouse

Question 21

What 3 physical assessment findings are SxS of physical abuse?

Answer 21

1) Bruises or fractures in unusual pales at various stages of healing
2) Spiral fracture of the arm
3) Battle sign - Ecchymosis behind the ear or skull fracture

Question 22

What are the 8 complications that result in a child because of Physical abuse?

Answer 22

1) Bruises caused by objects
2) Whiplash due to being shaken
3) Bald patches from hair being pulled out
4) Growth and development alterations
5) FTT
6) Sleep problems
7) Behavioral changes
8) Bed wetting and soiling

Question 23

What are the 8 complications that result in a child because of Sexual abuse?

Answer 23

1) STDs
2) Genital lacerations
3) Defense mechanisms
4) Depression/aggression
5) Poor impulse control
6) Somatic symptoms
7) Truancy, running away
8) Self-destructiveness

Question 24

(T/F) Nurses have a legal responsibility and are mandated by law to report suspected or actual cases of abuse.

Answer 24

True