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Nursing Across The Lifespan 1 (Exam 2 Prep) > Peds Respiratory (70% Finished) > Flashcards

Peds Respiratory (70% Finished) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common Respiratory Disease seen in Children?

A

Acute Respiratory Infections

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2
Q

Are Acute Respiratory Infections Viral or Bacterial?

A

They can be either

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3
Q

Do Acute Respiratory Infections impact the Upper or Lower Respiratory System?

A

They can impact either

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4
Q

Where does the Upper Airway end and the Lower Airway start?

A

The Upper Airway ends above the Trachea, the Trachea and everything below it is the Lower Airway

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5
Q

How are Acute Respiratory Infections spread?

A

Infected Particles (Bacterial, Viral, Fungi) spread via Contact and Droplets

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6
Q

What do Acute Respiratory Infections do to the Airway?

A

Cause Inflammation of Airway Tissues, Nasal Drainage, and Congestion

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7
Q

What is the Incubation Period for an Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

1-3 Days, then Sudden Onset of Symptoms

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8
Q

How long does an Acute Respiratory Infection last for?

A

4 - 10 Days

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9
Q

What is the most common Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

Upper Respiratory Infections (URI’s)

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10
Q

What age group has the highest incidence rate of URI’s?

A

Kids under 5 YO

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11
Q

What are Acute Respiratory Infections most often caused by?

A

Viruses

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12
Q

When are Acute Respiratory Infections most often going to occur?

A

Winter and Spring

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13
Q

Is Prenatal History a very significant thing to consider in terms of Acute Respiratory Infection in children?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Why are children so at risk for Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

They’ve got an Immature Immune System + They share germs more readily

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15
Q

Between Children and Adults who’ve got an Acute Respiratory Infection, who is more symptomatic?

A

Children

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16
Q

Are the manifestations of Acute Respiratory Infection severe or minimal in terms of invasiveness?

A

They vary from Minimal to Severe

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17
Q

What are the Minimal symptoms of an Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

Sneezing + Coughing + Eye Drainage + Fatigue + Headache + Low Grade Fever

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18
Q

What are the More Serious symptoms of an Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

Tachypnea + Labored Breathing + Wheezing / Other Unexpected Sounds + Hypoxia (with/without Hypercapnia) + Retractions + Nasal Flaring + Changes in LOC (Can progress into a Minimally Responsive State)

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19
Q

What is the best way to diagnose a mild Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

Physical Assessment

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20
Q

Will a mild Acute Respiratory Infection require any kind of diagnostic testing?

A

No, just the Physical Assessment

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21
Q

What diagnostic tests may be done to diagnose an Acute Respiratory Infection?

A

Rapid, Simple Testing (Swabs for Throat Infections, Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), or Covid 19 tests may be completed)

CXR (Chest X-Ray) and CBC Count with diff may be needed.

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22
Q

Can vaccines prevent any Acute Respiratory Infections?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What is Croup?

A

Upper & Middle Airway Edema that results in restricted airflow

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24
Q

What might Croup be caused by?

A

Allergens (Spasmodic) + Viruses (Viral) + Bacterial

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25
Q

How long is the duration of Croup Cough? Can it be an Emergency?

A

Short Duration, Self-Limiting, typically Non-Emergent

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26
Q

What is the main symptom of Croup?

A

A Barky Cough

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27
Q

When do the manifestations of Croup typically occur?

A

At Night

28
Q

What Virus typically causes Viral Croup?

A

para-influenza

29
Q

What are the symptoms of Viral Croup?

A

Respiratory Illness with Fever + Inflammation + Typically doesn’t repeat

30
Q

What are the symptoms of Spasmodic Croup?

A

No Fever + Edema + Reoccurring + Manifestations most often occur at Night

31
Q

Who are the people most at risk of Croup?

A

Kids aged 3 Months - 3 Yo.

People with a Family History OR a reported history of Nasal Drainage.

32
Q

When does Croup most often occur?

A

Autumn + Early Winter

33
Q

What are the manifestations of Croup during the first 2 days?

A

Nasal Congestion + Nasal Discharge

34
Q

What is the other name for Nasal Discharge & Congestion?

A

Coryza

35
Q

What are the manifestations of Croup during day 3?

A

Fever + Barky Cough + Hoarseness

36
Q

What are the manifestations of Croup after day 3?

A

Edema of the Airway + Tachypnea & Prolonged Inspiratory Phase.

Respiratory Distress is possible if left untreated.

Anxiety / Agitation may occur before or after day 3.

37
Q

What is crucial in preventing the symptom escalation of Croup?

A

Early Intervention

38
Q

How is Croup diagnosed?

A

Can be diagnosed via Physical Assessment.

May need an X-Ray to assess Soft Tissue Edema.

WBC Count may be needed to rule out other infectious diseases.

39
Q

How is Croup treated?

A

Nebulized Meds + PO / INJ Steroids

Mechanical Ventilation (if Severe)

40
Q

In what ages is Croup often seen?

A

Croup only occurs during Childhood

41
Q

What does it mean if Croup is Self-Limiting?

A

It can often improve on it’s own without medical treatment

42
Q

Should Antibiotics ever be administered for Coup?

A

Nah

43
Q

Whenever inflammation occurs, what can happen with the Epiglottis?

A

It can completely cover the Trachea & cause Respiratory Failure

44
Q

What is an Inflamed Epiglottis called?

A

Epiglottitis

45
Q

What can Epiglottitis lead to if not immediately treated?

A

Cardiopulmonary Arrest

46
Q

What can Infectious Epiglottitis be caused by?

A

Infectious Particles that enter through the Nasopharyngeal Passages

Most Common:
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib)

47
Q

What age group is at the highest risk for Epiglottitis?

A

Children under 5 YO that are Unvaccinated against Hib

48
Q

Is Epiglottitis infectious or non-infectious?

A

Can be either

49
Q

What are some Non-Infectious causes of Epiglottitis?

A

Trauma:
Burns + Inhalation of Smoke / Chemicals / Heat

50
Q

Epiglottitis is usually not a medical emergency.
True or false?

A

False

51
Q

What’s the most common symptom of Epiglottitis?

A

Drooling

52
Q

What position do pt’s with Epiglottitis prefer to be in?

A

Orthopnea Position (Tripod Position)

53
Q

What is Bronchitis?

A

The Lining of the Bronchi become Edematous

54
Q

If Bronchitis occurs, what will the Bronchi do?

A

Produce Mucous (Causing a Coughing response)

55
Q

What are some causes of Bronchitis?

A

Influenza + Covid + RSV

56
Q

How is Bronchitis mainly treated?

A

With Hydration

57
Q

What are the risk factors of Bronchitis?

A

<2 YO + Premature Birth + Low Birth Weight + Underlying Lung Disease / Heart Condition + Immunocompromised

58
Q

What are the symptoms of Bronchitis?

A

Cough + Fever + Tachycardia + Wheezing & Crackles + History of Urinary Tract Infection + Labored Breathing + Hypoxia + Retractions

59
Q

Aside from Hydration, what are other things that can be done to treat Bronchitis?

A

Fever Management + Nasal Drops + Nasal Suctioning

60
Q

What do pt’s with Bronchitis need to be taught about?

A

How to recognize worsening symptoms + How to manage their symptoms

61
Q

What is Bronchiolitis?

A

Inflammation at the end of the Bronchioles

62
Q

What happens to your Epithelial Cells whenever you’ve got Bronchiolitis? What symptoms does this cause?

A

They become damaged and slough.

This results in Edema + Blocked Airway + Atelectasis + Excessive Mucous Production.

63
Q

What is Bronchiolitis typically caused by?

A

RSV

64
Q

In what age group is Bronchiolitis most common?

A

Children younger than 2 YO

65
Q

At what seasons does Bronchiolitis usually occur the most?

A

Autumn + Winter

Nursing Across The Lifespan 1 (Exam 2 Prep) (11 decks)

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