Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds > Peds Neuro > Flashcards

Peds Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is the earliest indicator of improvement or deterioration of neurologic status?

A

change in LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is deCORicate posturing?

A

flexion posturing extremities toward the core

severe dysfunction of the cerebral cortex or lesions to corticospinal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is decerebrate posturing?

A

extension posturing

dysfunction at level of midbrain or lesions of brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three parts of the glasgow coma scale?

A

eyes
verbal response
motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does a score of 15 on the glasgow coma scale mean?

A

unaltered LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the score of 8 or below on the glasgow sclale?

A

accepted definition of coma

less than 8 intubate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a score of 3 on the glasgow coma scale considered?

A

deep coma or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tense, bulging fontanel
* Separated cranial sutures
* Irritability / restlessness
* Drowsiness
* High pitched cry
* Distended scalp veins
* Poor feeding
* Setting sun sign (eyes rotated
downward)
Setting Sun
Sign

are signs associated with what in infants

A

increased intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is epilepsy?

A

seizures triggered recurrently from within the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the diagnostic and lab test for seizures?

A

EEG, Lumbar Puncture, MRI, CT

CBC, Electrolytes, glucose, BUN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the nursing interventions for seizures?

A

Keep safe, suction, oxygen, rail
padding
* If prolonged seizure >5 minutes, medicate
* Monitor respiratory status after medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does management of seizures focus on?

A

focuses on controlling
seizures or reducing their frequency.
* Medications: Benzodiazepines,
anticonvulsants
* Surgery: remove area of brain responsible
for seizure
* Diet: Ketogenic Diet
* Implant: Vagal nerve stimulato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

febrile seizure

A

6 months to 5 years of age
* No previous neurologic abnormality
* Absence of CNS infection
* Return to alert mental status within 30
mins
* Rapid rise of fever >100.4 or 38 Celsius
* Risk factors: viral infection; family history
* 1-2.4% of having seizures as an adult
depending on different factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absence (Petit mal)

A

sudden cessation of activity or speech with black facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tonic Clonic (Grand Mal)

A

generalized most dramatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

myoclonic

A

sudden, brief muscle jerks

may involve whole body or one body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atonic (drop attacks)

A

sudden loss of muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

status epilepticus

A

Neurologic emergency.
Prolonged seizure or clustered seizures
where consciousness does not return
between seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the cause of 50% or more neural tube defects?

A

folic acid deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All pregnant mothers need to take_____ Folic
Acid daily, more if hx of NTD

A

0.4mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the types of neural tube defects?

A

Anencephaly
* Spina Bifida Occulta
* Spina Bifida Cystica: Meningocele or
myelomeningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anencephaly

A

Absence of cerebral hemispheres
* Brainstem function may be intact
* Incompatible with life
* Few hours to few days
* Death due to respiratory failure
Nursing Management
* Supportive in nature; focuses on
comfort measures for the dying
infant
* Parental support; infant cap can be helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

spina bifida occulta

A
  • Not visible externally
    Defect of the vertebral bodies
    without protrusion of the spinal cord
    or meninges
  • May have sacral dimple, hairy
    patch, discoloration of skin
    Potential complication: Tethered cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Meningocele

A

Sac contains meninges and spinal
fluid but NO neural elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Myelomeningocele
Sac contains meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves * Varying and serious degrees of neurologic deficit
26
Chiari Malformation
Anatomic anomalies of the craniocervical junction along with downward displacement of the cerebellar structures
27
Type I Chiari Malformation
usually not associated with hydrocephalus; more benign form
28
Type II (Arnold–Chiari)
is the most common and is usually associated with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele. Obstruction of CSF
29
Chiari Malformation symptoms
Neck pain, gagging, headache. More severe: hydrocephalus, extremity spasticity
30
therapeutic management of Chiari malformation type 2
Therapeutic management of the type II Chiari malformation includes surgical decompression, VP shunt placement
31
craniosynostosis
Premature closure may lead to decreased brain growth. Only one suture is fused, neurologic impairments are rarely seen. Two or more sutures are fused, neurologic complications such as hydrocephalus with increased ICP are more likely to occur
32
craniosynostosis treatment
surgery
33
plagiocephaly
Positional plagiocephaly refers to asymmetry in head shape without fused sutures. “Back to sleep” program brough rise of plagiocephaly
34
plagiocephaly treatment
Tummy time when awake, avoid baby in car seat other than when in car, Molding helmet
35
hydrocephalus
Imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF in the ventricular system. * With accumulation of CSF, ventricles dilate and compress brain tissue which leads to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) * Causes include developmental defects, neoplasms, infections, trauma, or hemorrhage
36
Abnormally rapid head growth * Bulging fontanels (tense and non- pulsatile) * Dilated scalp veins * Separated sutures
hydrocephalus early infancy
37
Frontal enlargement/bossing * Depressed eyes * Setting sun sign (downward rotation of eyes) * Sluggish pupils with unequal response to light
severe cases of hydrocephalus in infants
38
hydrocephalus nursing care management
Observe for signs of increasing ICP * Measure head circumference * Palpate fontanels and suture lines
39
hydrocephalus therapeutic management
Placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. * Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)
40
bacterial meningitis
infection of the meninges, the lining that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
41
what vaccine has decreased bacterial meningitis infections?
Vaccination for Haemophilus influenzae type B has decreased infection
42
Stiff neck, fever, headache, vomiting, high-pitched cry (infants), bulging fontanel, photophobia, rash (petechia or purpuric), Kernig and Brudzinski signs.
bacterial meningitis
43
Bacterial Meningitis Diagnostics
Lumbar Puncture—Fluid pressure is measured, sample is analyzed and cultured CSF pressure will be elevated CSF will have elevated * White blood cells (WBCs) * Protein Low glucose in CSF (the bacteria present feed on the glucose). Complete blood count (CBC)—WBCs will be elevated. Blood, urine, and nasopharyngeal culture
44
bacterial meningitis treatment
Isolation IV antibiotics immediately after CSF and Blood cultures are obtained. Seizure precautions Monitor for signs of increased ICP Fluid resuscitation but lower rate to prevent increased ICP Fever treatment Prevention: Vaccinations Hib, meningitis vaccine
45
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that may also include an inflammation of the meninges.
46
Encephalitis causes
protozoan, bacterial, fungal, or viral invasion
47
Fever, Flu-like symptoms, Altered LOC, Headache, Lethargy, Generalized weakness, Seizure activity
encephalitis common symptoms
48
diagnostic and lab test for encephalitis
LP, CBC, MRI, CT, Electrolytes, glucose
49
encephalitis treatment
Antivirals (most often cause) Seizure precautions Monitoring LOC
50
reye syndrome cause
Reaction triggered by use of salicylates to treat a viral infection
51
Brain swelling, liver failure, and death in hours if not treated. Patient symptoms: profuse vomiting, change in mental status, lethargy, irritability, hyperreflexia, seizure
reye syndrome
52
reye syndrome diagnostic evaluation
liver biopsy, ammonia levels, liver function tests
53
reye syndrome nursing management
care as per any unconscious child and increased ICP
54
reye syndrome family education
NO aspirin or aspirin containing products such as Pepto-Bismol
55
cerebral palsy
Term used to describe a range of nonspecific clinical symptoms characterized by abnormal motor pattern and postures caused by nonprogressive abnormal brain function. * 80% of causes occur before delivery * Can also occur in the natal and postnatal periods * Cause may be unknown * Most common movement disorder of childhood * Wide variations in severity of symptoms
56
cerebral palsy complications
mental impairments, seizures, growth problems, impaired vision or hearing, abnormal sensation or perception, and hydrocephalus
57
cerebral palsy spastic
most common clinical type
58
cerebral palsy diakinetic
Abnormal involuntary movements
59
cerebral palsy ataxic
Affects balance and depth perception
60
cerebral palsy mixed type
combination of spastic and dyskinetic
61
cerebral palsy medications
Decrease spasticity, decreased movements
62
mild head injury
No loss of consciousness, no penetrating injury to brain Cared for and observed at home
63
head injury signs and symptoms to report
vomiting slurred speech, changes in ambulation, headache, fluid from nose or ears Check child every 2 hours for changes in responsiveness
64
Severe head injury
Hospitalization until stable NPO, IV fluids, Seizure precautions Close monitoring of fluid balance
65
Down syndrome
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with intellectual disability
66
Some degree of intellectual disability Hypotonia, Short stature Depressed nasal bridge and small nose Upward slant to eyes, Low-set, small ears Protrusion of tongue; tongue is large compared to mouth size. A single deep transverse crease on the palm of the hand (simian crease) Short neck, with excessive skin at the nape Health problems: Congenital heart disease occurs in 40% to 50%. Increased risk for leukemia and thyroid disorders
down syndrome

Peds (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions