Peds Cardiac Flashcards
what are the congenital heart diseases that occur due to decreased pulmonary blood flow?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid Atresia
what are the congenital heart diseases that occur due to increased pulmonary blood flow?
▪ ASD
▪ VSD
▪ AV Canal
▪ PDA
what are the congenital heart diseases that occur due to obstructive blood flow?
▪ Coarctation of the
Aorta
▪ Aortic Stenosis
▪ Pulmonary Stenosis
what are the four defects associated with tetralogy of fallot?
▪ Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
▪ Overriding Aorta
▪ Pulmonary Stenosis
▪ VSD
what is a key symptom of tetralogy of fallot?
Hypercyanotic spells or “Tet
Spells”
how should you treat Hypercyanotic spells or “Tet
Spells”?
▪ Use a calm, comforting
approach
▪ Place in a knee-to-chest
position
▪ Provide supplemental
oxygen
▪ Administer Morphine (IV,
IM, or SQ)
▪ Supply IV fluids
what is tricuspid atresia?
▪ Tricuspid valve does not
develop in utero
▪ Blood does not go directly
into the right ventricle
▪ Deoxygenated blood passes
through the atrial septum
(PFO)
▪ Blood mixing at Pulmonary
Artery and Aorta
what is an atrial septal defect?
Hole in the wall dividing
the left and right atria
what symptoms would you expect to see in a kid with an atrial septal defect?
▪ Often asymptomatic
▪ Increased blood flow
results in SOB, fatigue, and
failure to thrive (FTT) over
time
what is a ventricular septal defect?
hole in the wall between the left and right ventricles
what symptoms would you expect to see in a kid with a ventricular septal defect?
▪ Asymptomatic if small
▪ Left to right shunt
▪ Loud, harsh murmur
▪ Increased flow to lungs leading
to PHTN
▪ Heart failure if not repaired
▪ FTT
what is an atrioventricular canal?
failure of endocardial cushions to fuse
tricuspid and mitral valves do not get separated
ASD and VSD are present
Left to right shunting
what is the second most common congenital heart defect?
patent ductus arteriosus
what is patent ductus arteriosus?
can occur to accommodate right and left shunting diseases
an extra blood vessel found in babies before birth and just after birth
persistent connection between aorta and pulmonary artery
what would you expect to see in a kid with a coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta
▪ BP in all 4 extremities
▪ Upper will be higher than lower
what would you expect to see in a kid with aortic stenosis?
Restricted blood flow from left ventricle
to aorta
▪ Typically, asymptomatic
▪ FTT
▪ Faint pulses
▪ Easy fatigue
▪ Chest pain
what would you expect to see in a kid with pulmonary stenosis?
▪ Restricted blood flow from right ventricle
to pulmonary artery
▪ Typically, asymptomatic
▪ FTT
▪ Faint pulses
▪ Easy fatigue
▪ Chest pain
Nursing management of CHD
▪ Medications as
prescribed
▪ Improve Oxygenation
▪ Frequent assessments
▪ Semi-Fowlers
▪ Use oxygen sparingly*
▪ Weigh often
▪ Allow for activity and
rest
* Adequate Nutrition
* Family Coping/Education
* Infection prevention
what are some common signs and symptoms we see in children with heart failure?
▪ Sweating during feeds
▪ Poor feeding
▪ Increase WOB
▪ Decreased UOP
▪ Poor cardiac output:
▪ Low BP
▪ Tachycardia
▪ Mottled, pale skin
▪ Fluid overload
▪ Edema
▪ Crackles in lungs
who is at risk for getting infective endocarditis?
Patients with CHD, prosthetic valves,
and central lines place a child at risk
what are the causes of infective endocarditis?
▪ Bacteria or fungi gain access to
epithelium
▪ Can carry to other parts of the body
what are the symptoms associated with infective endocarditis?
▪ Vague flu-like
▪ Fatigue
▪ Anorexia or weight loss
what is the treatment for infective endocarditis?
Antibiotics or antifungal–long course
▪ Approximately 4-6 weeks
what happens during cardiomyopathy?
myocardium cannot contract properly
