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CVPR > PEDS mod 7 > Flashcards

PEDS mod 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two times where there are false positive readings on the urine dipstick?

A
  1. High specific gravity concentration (SG > 1.025)

2. High pH (pH >7-8)

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2
Q

What are the blood pressure clinical practice guidelines based off of?

A

Age, sex, height.

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3
Q

What are the 3 important tools that you can use in many kidny related issues?

A

Hx PE, Blood pressure, urine dipstick.

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4
Q

Normal pediatric creatinine levels are based off of what?

A

Age. Younger children should not have a creatinine of 1.0 it should be lower since most kids have a creatinine of less than 1.0

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5
Q

AKI is a decrease in…

A

GFR

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6
Q

What are some causes of pre-renal AKI?

A

Inadequate perfusion caused by nephrotic syndrome, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors. Vomiting and diarrhea.

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7
Q

What are some causes of renal AKI?

A

Glomerulonephritis, HUS, Nephrotoxins.

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8
Q

What is the workup for AKI?

A

Hx and PE, Labs, UA, renal ultrasound.

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9
Q

If a patient is having vomiting and diarrhea what should you tell them regarding their meds?

A

Stop taking their NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors to prevent AKI.

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10
Q

What notable drugs are nephrotoxic?

A

Ceflosporins, Ibuprofin, lisinopril, losartan, piperacillin/ tazobactam, Vancomyasin,

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11
Q

What stage of AKI requires hospital admission?

A

Stage 3

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12
Q

Defined as abnormalitis of the kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health.

A

CKD.

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13
Q

Can you use the KDIGO CKD staging in patients less than 2 yo?

A

No.

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14
Q

What other things can CKD cause other than kidney problems?

A

Neurocognitive*, growth failure, bone and mineral disorders.
CKD will cause kids to struggle in school due to lower IQ’s and poor attention

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15
Q

Leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease?

A

Cardiovascular disease.

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16
Q

Most common causes of anemia in CKD.

A

EPO deficiency

Iron deficiency

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17
Q

Child that has fatigue, napping a lot, not exercising as much or unable to keep up with the other kids. Classically will have a low retic count.

A

CKD and EPO deficiency.

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18
Q

What electrolyte disturbances put you at higher risk for HTN?

A

Water and sodium imbalances
high potassium or phosphorus.
Metabolic acidosis.

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19
Q

What is the treatment for growth failure in CKD?

A

Good nutrition, normalize bicarb, treat MBD, give growth hormone.

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20
Q

In CKD, a MBD leads to what?

A

hyperparathyroidism

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21
Q

What are the two types of dialysis can be done for CKD?

A

Hemodialysis and peritoneal

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22
Q

what are the criteria for kidney transplant?

A

atleast 1 year old or 10 kg weight.

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23
Q

typically presents with hematuria, edema, often hypertension and
some proteinuria.

A

Glomerulonephritis

24
Q

How is proteinuria quantified?

A

By age.

Spot protein: Infants >0.5, Children > 0.2, Non-nephrotic 0.2-2, Nephrotic >2.

25
Q

3 common causes causes of glomerulonephritis.

A

Post streptococcal/IGN
IgA nephropathy
HSP

26
Q

has a low C3 which returns to normal in 6-8 weeks.

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually only requires

A

supportive management like antihypertensive meds, Salt and fluid restriction diuretic, and rarely dialysis.

28
Q

The prognosis for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is

A

good

29
Q

Can last for 1 year

A

Microscopic hematuria

30
Q

Can last for 6 mo-1 yr

A

proteinuria

31
Q

normalizes w/ in 6-8 weeks

A

C3

32
Q

Resolves w/ in days

A

Gross hematuria

33
Q

Normal C3, recurrent hematuria, Less than 1 week after URI.

A

IgA nephropathy

34
Q

C3 decreased, isolated episode of hematuria, 1-2 weeks after URI/pharyngitis, 3-6 weeks after impetigo.

A

PSGN

35
Q

Petechia or purpura on lower ext and gluteal region, classically have swelling in hands and feet, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Joint inflammation. Need a urine dip to look for protein and blood.

A

HSP

36
Q

3 major causes of postnatal hydronephrosis.

A

Transient, Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), Obstruction.

37
Q

MC cause of hydronephrosis and goes away by the age of 2.

A

Transient

38
Q

Least common cause of hydronephrosis.

A

Obstruction

39
Q

How is hydronephrosis monitored?

A

Ultrasounds

40
Q

How do they diagnos reflux or obstruction?

A

VCUG and renal scan (how a diuretic is excreted)

41
Q

Which hydronephrosis is associated with UTI?

A

Vesicoureteral Reflux

42
Q

Children with reflux or obstruction need to be followed for progression of

A

chronic kidney disease

43
Q

periorbital edema is associated with what?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

44
Q

defined by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia.

A

Nephrotic syndrome

45
Q

the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.

A

Minimal change disease

46
Q

The primary treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome is

A

steroids. (prednisone)

47
Q

most common form of polycystic kidney disease

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

48
Q

In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dz the most common mutation is in what gene?

A

PKD 1 gene.

49
Q

What is the treatment for ADPKD?

A

Focused on slowing the progregression. Proteinuria management, HTN management, no caffeine, keeping hydrated.

50
Q

This can give rise to HTN in children.

A

Renal artery stenosis.

Need renal ultrasound w/ doppler.

51
Q

Renal artery stenosis can be diagnosed sometimes by

A

Renal ultrasound with doppler.

52
Q

Renal artery thrombosis can be seen in newborns with

A

umbilical artery catheters

53
Q

This can present a flank pain, hematuria, HTN, and AKI.

A

Renal artery thrombosis

54
Q

Renal vein thrombosis can be seen most commonly in

A

Nephrotic syndrome and kidney transplant

55
Q

defined by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney
injury

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

56
Q

HUS is often caused by

A

E. Coli

Present with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain.

57
Q

What is the Tx for Typical HUS?

A

Supportive care. If acute, the kidney injury can progress to needing dialysis.

CVPR (8 decks)

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