Peds Midterm Flashcards
Growth
increase in size
Development
functions and gradual processes of change and differnetations from SIMPLEX TO COMPLEX. develop in an ORDERLY SEQUENCE
cepholocadal
head to feet (tail)
proximaldistal
inside to out
v/s for infant
newborn: HR 100-170 RR 30-80
6m-1year: HR 80-130 RR 20-40
v/s for toddler
HR 80-130 RR 20-40
v/s for preschooler
HR 70-120 RR 20-30
v/s for schoolage
HR 70-110 RR 16-22
v/s for adolescent
HR 60-100 RR 12-20
Ericksons infant
(birth-1y) TRUST VS MISTRUST
-fulfilling basic needs
Ericksons toddler
(1-3y) AUTONOMY VA SHAME AND DOUBT
- seeking attention, approval and achievement of personal goals
- realizes everything desired cant be had
Ericksons preschooler
(4-6y) INITIATIVE VS GUILT
- questioning and exploring body and environment
- pretending of growing up and trying other roles
Ericksons schoolage
(7-11y) INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
-becomes independent and develop their own goals
Ericksons adolescence
(12-19y) IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
-sense of identity and recognizes personality and insecurities
Piagets sensorimotor
(birth-2y) uses sense and motor abilities to understand the world. develops schema/ goal directed behavior. remembers/ imagines experiences
schema
child’s mentally able to organize ways to behave in the immediate environment
Piagets preoperational
(2-6y) egocentric thinking (self). develops logical/intuitive thinking. uses trail and error. gains imaginations and becomes less egocentric
Piagets concrete operational
(7-11y) understands logic and principles. improved memory. understands others views/ideas/convo’s. can focus on more than one task. identifies behavioral outcome
Piagets formal operational
(12 + years) can problem solve. recognize past/present/future. abstract-hypothetic concepts. interested in ethics, politics and moral issues
Mildstones for infants
rapid growth. birth weight triples at 1year. teething 5-6m. holds head up 2m. sits up alone 7m. breast milk and formula. establish trust. recognizes caregiver. explores. nonverbal communication. muscle control. crawls/walks. eating/sleeping patterns. develops self feeding and walking.
Mildstones for toddlers
upright stance. top heavy (potbelly). growth in extremities not trunk. gross motor walking/climbing/holding/pulling. fine motor scribbles. parallel play. finger foods. toilet training 2y. temper tantrums. tolerates separation. increases attention span. communication skills. independent mobility/feeding/dressing/toileting.
Mildstones for preschoolers
slow and steady growth. loses potbelly. becomes taller and thinner. functions independently. magical thoughts. naps. begins to share and take turns. stronger sense of self. express feelings/anger/frustration/needs and ideas. greater attention span. asks questions.
Mildstones for schoolage
boys stronger. girls graceful. checked for scoliosis. muscle mass increase. loses baby fat. vision improves. permanent teeth develop. vocab becomes slang and swear words. adequate exercise. sense of belonging with family and peers. organized and sets goals. learns reading/writing/math/communication and grammar.
Mildstones for adolescents
transition from childhood to adulthood. puberty. sex characteristics develop. 2nd rapid growth. recognizes individuality. accepts strengths and weaknesses. own values. takes responsibility. increased metabolism. sexual interest. prevent injury.
Injection sites
vastis lateralis, deltiod, ventrogluteal, dorsogluteal
7 rights
right med, patient, dose, route, time, refuse and documentation
1kg=2.2lbs
1kg=2.2lbs
Nutrients for infant
- calories, protein. minerals, vitamins, fluids
- strained foods 4-6m
- solid foods 6-8m
preschooler understanding of death
death as some kind of sleep
School age understanding of death
understands death is final
Adolescents understanding of death
mature understanding of death
Kubler stages of grieving
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Care for a dying child
physical care and comfort and emotional support for family. provide peaceful death. use active listening and therapeutic communication
common fears for children
admission, blood draw, injections, surgery, transporting, pain, separation
pre op care
admitting, v/s, allergies, fam/med history, labs, prep chart and NPO
pre op teaching toddlers
tell 3 days ahead of surgery
pre op teaching preschoolers
rehearsal/dolls and trips
pre op teaching schoolage
films , a week before hand
pre op teaching adolescents
taught as soon as surgery is scheduled may bring friend
post op care
abc’s, monitor v/s, pain, dressing, infection, n/v, bowel, shock. admin meds, turn q2h, i&o, increase fluids. discharge planning
SIDs
sudden infant death syndrom (crib death)
-unknown unexpected death (leading cause of infant death)
stressors for adolescents
loss of control (let them be apart of decisions), body image (maintain privacy)
primary responsibility for PACU
ABC’s
otitis media
middle ear infection (under development of ear)
- prevent fluid in ears
- tx:antibiotics
most common resp distress for children
airway obstruction (mucus/foreign body)
croup
inflammation of upper airway by virus
- ss: barking cough/ stridor
- tx: epinephrine, neutralizer and fluids
lund and browder chart
estimating extent of burn on a child
Hep B vac
Birth, (1/2month) and (6-18months)
DTaP (diphtheria tetanus pertussis)
2m, 4m, 6m, (15-18months) and 4-6yeats
Hib (haemophilus influenza b)
2m, 4m, 6m and (12-15m)
PCV (pneumococcal)
2m, 4m, 6m and (12-15m)
IPV (inactivated piliovirus)
2m, 4m and (6-18m)
Influenza
Yearly
MMR
(12-15m) and (4-6years)
Varicella
(12-15m) and (4-6y)
Hep a
2 doses (12-23m)
Tdap (tentanus diphtheria pertussis)
11-12y
HPV
3doses (11-12y)
MCV4 (meningococcal)
11-12y and 15y
