Peds GU Flashcards
When should a patient with cryptorchidism be referred to urology?
- 3 months of age
- 6 months of age
- 1 year of age
- At diagnosis
- 6 months of age (spontaneous descend rarely occurs after 6 months).
What does cryptorchidism or undescended testes increase the risk for?
- Epididymitis
- prostate cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Penile cancer
- Testicular cancer
What is cryptorchidism and what is retractile testes?
Cryptorchidism: testes not in scrotum and can’t be manipulated there (found in infants).
Retractile Testes: move between the scrotum and the inguinal ring by cresmasteric reflex. (older infants to 5-6 years old).
Noncommunicating hydrocele is
a. tunica vaginalis is closed, limiting fluid collection to scrotum; size of hydrocele is constant
b. tunica vaginalis remains open, allowing fluid to flow between peritoneum and hydrocele sac; often associ- ated with hernia
a. tunica vaginalis is closed, limiting fluid collection to scrotum; size of hydrocele is constant, so there is no change in scrotal size with position in change, same time at bedtime and on awakening.
Communicating type Hydrocele is —
a. tunica vaginalis is closed, limiting fluid collection to scrotum; size of hydrocele is constant
b. tunica vaginalis remains open, allowing fluid to flow between peritoneum and hydrocele sac; often associ- ated with hernia
b. tunica vaginalis remains open, allowing fluid to flow between peritoneum and hydrocele sac; often associated with hernia
Which hydrocele has scrotal size changing with position?
a. Communicating Hydrocele
b. Non communicating Hydrocele
Communicating Hydrocele
Which hydrocele has risk of Hernia?
a. Communicating Hydrocele
b. Non communicating Hydrocele
Communicating Hydrocele
Which hydrocele transilluminates?
a. Communicating Hydrocele
b. Non communicating Hydrocele
a. Communicating Hydrocele
b. Non communicating Hydrocele
Which hydrocele needs urologist surgery recommendation?
a. Communicating Hydrocele
b. Non communicating Hydrocele
Communicating Hydrocele due to hernia risk.
When would you refer a non-communicating hydrocele? Check all that apply: a. Persists beyond one year b. significant increase in size c. Causes discomfort d. Causes Hernia
a. Persists beyond one year
b. significant increase in size
c. Causes discomfort
Is scrotal swelling painful or not in hydrocele generally?
Not painful
Hypospadias definition
Congenital defect with urethral meatus (the tube which drains urine during voiding) is located on the ventral surface (underside) of the penis, instead of at the tip of the penis.
What is CHORDEE and what condition is it found in?
CHORDEE is ventral curvature or bowing of penis due to fibrous band of tissue and is found in Hypospadias.
Hypospadias signs and symptoms:
- Penile chordee : A downward curve of the penis
- Dorsally hooded foreskin: The penile foreskin covers only the top of the penis giving a hooded appearance
- Abnormal stream of urine: Urine may spray down or the urinary stream may not be straight
How do you manage hypospadias?
Referral to Urologist at birth. Surgery best done around 6 to 12 months of age.