peds G&D Flashcards

1
Q

well child visits up to one year

A
  • 2 weeks
  • 1 mo
  • 2 mo (i)
  • 4 mo (i)
  • 6 mo (i)
  • 9 mo
  • 12 mo (i)
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2
Q

well child visits after 1 year old

A
  • 15 months (i)
  • 18 months- final autism screen
  • 2 years (i), then yearly
  • 4 years= significant immunization visit
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3
Q

at what age can you predict a childs final height

A
  • by 3 years

- premies catch up growth occurs during first 2-3 years

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4
Q

what objective measurements are taken at all pedi visits

A
  • height
  • weight
  • head circumference/ FOC
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5
Q

vital trends in peds

A
  • HR should be between 60-160
  • pulse decreases over time
  • SBP increases over time
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6
Q

what should kids weigh at their 2 week check up

A
  • their birth weight
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7
Q

how do you weight babies/ kids

A
  • dry diaper only
  • no shoes
  • no things in pockets
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8
Q

when should babies double their birth weight

A
  • 5 months
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9
Q

when should babies triple their birth weight

A
  • by 1 year
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10
Q

what should you do if you get a measurement that you do not expect

A
  • remeasure
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11
Q

when should birth length double

A
  • by 4 years
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12
Q

head circumference

A
  • aka fronto-occipital circumference
  • avg increase by 1 cm/ mo in first year
  • reliable indicator of brain growth for up to 2 years*
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13
Q

when do cranial suture close

A
  • 6 mo

- dont ossify until early adulthood

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14
Q

when do anterior fontanels close

A
  • 9-18 months
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15
Q

BMI in children

A
  • measure/ predictor for obesity and assoc health risks

- BMI > 95%= significant RF for nutritional abnormalities

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16
Q

why are developmental screenings important

A
  • ID delays and their etiology
  • maximize potential of child with appropriate intervention
  • provide support/ reassurance
  • dont ignore screening results*
  • dont rely on informal screening*
  • dont assume that dx a disorder is unnecessary because there is nothing that can be done
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17
Q

important parts of development

A
  • gross motor
  • fine motor
  • language
  • social
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18
Q

when do gross motor and fine motor skills progress

A
  • greatest progress= first 3 years of life
  • first year: rapid acquisition of gross and fine motor skills
  • toddler/ preschooler: rxn time quickens, hand-eye coord, manual dexterity
  • early childhood: lg muscle mvmt, coord is perfected, fine motor skills improve
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19
Q

when do babies sit alone momentarily

A
  • 4-6 mo
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20
Q

when do babies roll on back to stomach *

A
  • 5 mo (4-10 mo)
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21
Q

when do babies sit steadily*

A
  • 7 mo (6-9 mo)
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22
Q

when do babies get to sitting

A
  • 6- 11 mo
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23
Q

when do babies pull to standing*

A
  • 10 mo (7-12 mo)
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24
Q

when do babies walk 3 steps alone

A
  • 9-17 mo
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25
when do babies walk well
- 13 mo
26
when do babies stoop and recover*
- 15 mo
27
when do babies walk backwards
- 18 mo
28
when do kids kick ball forward*
- 2 years
29
when do kids throw ball overhand*
- 3 years
30
when do kids balance on 1 foot, 2 seconds, hop
- 4 years
31
when do kids balance on 1 foot, 3 sec, skip
- 5 years
32
when do kids catch a ball
- 5 years
33
when are babies able to rake*
- 6 mo (5-7 mo)
34
when do babies make lobster claw/ pincer*
- 9 mo (8-10 mo)
35
when do babies perfect the pincer*
- 11 mo (10-12 mo)
36
when do babies scribble *
- 15 mo
37
when do babies imitate vertical or circular strokes, tower of 6 cubes? *
- 2 years
38
what is the most common cause of speech delay
- hearing problems
39
auditory brainstem response
- assessment of hearing in newborns and infants - sounds played in baby's ear - measures brain responding to sound
40
otoacoustic emissions
- assess newborns and infants for cochlear function - sound played into ear- cochlear response measured - if hears normally, echo is reflected back into microphone
41
questions to ask when assessing hearing
- 0-3 mo: does baby startle to loud noise - 4-6 mo: does baby turn eyes/ head at sound of your voice - 7-9 mo: does baby make string of noise
42
when to refer for speech and/or language assessment
- not talking by 2 y/o - unintelligible speech by 3 - no sentences by 3 - child is embarrassed by speech at any age - hearing loss, mental retardation, autism, dysarthria, stuttering
43
assessment of vision
- red light reflex* in babes - corneal light reflex - cover/uncover for strabismus
44
vision assessment in new borns
- focus on face | - briefly track object
45
vision assessment at 2 mo
- tracks across midline - responsive smile - follows mvmt 6 ft away
46
vision assessment at 3 mo
- tracks 180 degrees | - looks at hand
47
vision assessment at 4-5 mo
- reaches for obj 12 inches away | - familiar smile
48
at what age do babies have a social smile
- 2 mo
49
at what age do babies reach for objects
- 6 mo
50
at what age do babies feed themselves, pass object hand to hand
- 9 mo
51
at what age do babies play appropriately with toy
- 12 mo
52
at what age do babies drink from cups
- 18 mo
53
at what age do kids use spoons
- 2 years
54
at what age do kids put on t shirts
- 4 years
55
considerations for premie
- account for degree of prematurity when assessing G&D - may only have skills appropriate for their GA - more complicated neonatal course have more delays - det G&D based on adjusted age
56
early adolescence
- 10-13 yo - rapid physical change - concerned if dif from peers - concrete thinking: vague, unrealistic goals
57
middle adolescence
- 14-16 y/o - rapid pubertal growth subsides - mood swings - formal operation thinking - sense of omnipotence - self centered - estab identity/ experiment with dif image
58
late adolescence
- 17+ y/o - less self centered - social interest shift from peer group to individual - dating more intimate - more indep from family - abstract thinking - realistic future plans
59
leading cause of death in adolescents
- accidents - suicide - homicide - 50% involve drugs and/or alcohol
60
at what point can kids be seen alone
- 11ish
61
what tx can minors consent to
- medical tx except abortion - family planning - HIV and STI tx - substance abuse if 12+ y/o and found to be drug depended by 2 drs - mental health tx
62
what is the average age of menarche
- 12.8 years | - ranges from 10-16 y/o