Blood cells general info Flashcards
components of whole blood
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- thrombocytes
- plasma cells
pancytopenia
- decreased all lines of cells
- RBC, WBC, platelets
anemia
- decreased RBC and RBC parameters
polycythemia
- increased RBC
thrombocytopenia
- decreased platelets
thrombocytosis
- increased platelets
leukocytosis
- increased WBC
leukopenia
- decreased WBC
neutropenia
- decreased neutrophils
- ANC < 1000
leukemoid reaction
- benign and temporary leukocytosis
hematopoiesis
- production of blood cells
erythropoiesis
- prod of RBCs
thrombopoiesis
- prod of platelets
leukopoiesis
- prod of WBCs
lymphopoiesis
- prod of lymphocytes
medularry myeloid hematopoiesis
- prod of myeloid blood cells in bone marrow
- post natal occurs in vertebra, sternum, rib, femur, tibia
extramedullary myeloid hematopoiesis
- prod of blood cells outside of bone marrow
- liver or spleen
bands
- immature neutrophils
blast cells
- immature cells
poikilocytosis
- change in shape
what are the most abundant blood cells in body
- RBCs
what is the purpose of RBCs
- gas transport/ oxygen transport
- deliver oxygen
- eliminate CO2
- biconcave shape allows flexibility/ deformability
life span of RBCs
- 120 days
what is the role of haptoglobin
- maintains iron stores
what is the role of hemopexin
- scavenge RBC contents
what stimulates new RBC production
- EPO
- hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)
what is hemoglobin made up of
- 2 alpha globins
- 2 beta globins
- bound to heme group which contains iron
what raw materials are required for RBC production
- b12
- folate
- B6
- iron
- copper
- amino acids, proteins
what is EPO
- stimulates erythropoiesis
- produced by kidneys
- small amounts produced by liver
when does erythropoiesis occur
- decreased RBCs
- decreased hemoglobin synthesis
- decreased BF
- hemorrhage
- increased O2 consumption by tissues
RBC senescence and break down
- as RBCs age they become less flexible, more fragile
- phagocytized by macrophages in liver, spleen, bone marrow
- normally loss= production
what do RBCs get broken down into
- heme group
- protein group
- heme gets broken down into iron and bilirubin
- iron gets recycled, bilirubin gets degraded
what are the hgb parameters for anemia
- hgb < 13 in men
- hgb < 12 in women
what is mild anemia
- hgb 10
what is mod anemia
- hgb 8-9.9
what is severe anemia
- hgb 6.5 - 7.9
what is life threatening anemia
- < 6.5
microcytic anemia
- MCV < 80
normocytic anemia
- MCV 80-100
macrocytic anemia
- MCV > 100
what is the MCV
- average size of RBCs
what is the MCH
- average weight of hgb in RBCs
what is the MCHC
- average concentration of hgb in RBCs
what is the RDW
- red blood cell distribution width
- tells you variation in size of RBCs
- high- a lot of difference sized cells
- low- a lot of same sized cells
what are reticulocytes
- immature RBCs
why are reticulocyte counts important
- if increased it means bone marrow is working
- as anemia worsens, RBCs leave marrow sooner
what do low reticulocyte counts mean in anemia
- marrow infiltration: leukemia, lymphoma, malignancy
- marrow failure: pure red cell aplasia, MDS, fibrosis
- def in raw materials: B12, Fe, folate
what is hct
- Hgb X 3
- expressed as %
what is hgb electrophoresis
- tests contents of RBCs against bands for various hgb types
- often used in thalassemias
cells that are derived from lymphoid progenitor cells
- B cells
- T cells
- NK cells
what cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells
- RBCs
- platelets
- WBCs: monocytes, neutrophils, eospinophils, basophils
what blood cells have nuclei
- WBCs
- RBCs and platelets DO NOT
what is the role of eospinophils
- parasites
- allergies
what is the role of basophils
- mast cell production
what is the role of neutrophils
- bacterial infection
- bands= immature neutrophils
what is the role of B and T cells
- viral infections
what cells are phagocytes
- monocytes
- neutrophils
