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clin med IV > Blood cells general info > Flashcards

Blood cells general info Flashcards

1
Q

components of whole blood

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • thrombocytes
  • plasma cells
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2
Q

pancytopenia

A
  • decreased all lines of cells

- RBC, WBC, platelets

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3
Q

anemia

A
  • decreased RBC and RBC parameters
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4
Q

polycythemia

A
  • increased RBC
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5
Q

thrombocytopenia

A
  • decreased platelets
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6
Q

thrombocytosis

A
  • increased platelets
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7
Q

leukocytosis

A
  • increased WBC
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8
Q

leukopenia

A
  • decreased WBC
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9
Q

neutropenia

A
  • decreased neutrophils

- ANC < 1000

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10
Q

leukemoid reaction

A
  • benign and temporary leukocytosis
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11
Q

hematopoiesis

A
  • production of blood cells
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12
Q

erythropoiesis

A
  • prod of RBCs
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13
Q

thrombopoiesis

A
  • prod of platelets
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14
Q

leukopoiesis

A
  • prod of WBCs
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15
Q

lymphopoiesis

A
  • prod of lymphocytes
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16
Q

medularry myeloid hematopoiesis

A
  • prod of myeloid blood cells in bone marrow

- post natal occurs in vertebra, sternum, rib, femur, tibia

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17
Q

extramedullary myeloid hematopoiesis

A
  • prod of blood cells outside of bone marrow

- liver or spleen

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18
Q

bands

A
  • immature neutrophils
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19
Q

blast cells

A
  • immature cells
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20
Q

poikilocytosis

A
  • change in shape
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21
Q

what are the most abundant blood cells in body

A
  • RBCs
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22
Q

what is the purpose of RBCs

A
  • gas transport/ oxygen transport
  • deliver oxygen
  • eliminate CO2
  • biconcave shape allows flexibility/ deformability
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23
Q

life span of RBCs

A
  • 120 days
24
Q

what is the role of haptoglobin

A
  • maintains iron stores
25
Q

what is the role of hemopexin

A
  • scavenge RBC contents
26
Q

what stimulates new RBC production

A
  • EPO

- hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)

27
Q

what is hemoglobin made up of

A
  • 2 alpha globins
  • 2 beta globins
  • bound to heme group which contains iron
28
Q

what raw materials are required for RBC production

A
  • b12
  • folate
  • B6
  • iron
  • copper
  • amino acids, proteins
29
Q

what is EPO

A
  • stimulates erythropoiesis
  • produced by kidneys
  • small amounts produced by liver
30
Q

when does erythropoiesis occur

A
  • decreased RBCs
  • decreased hemoglobin synthesis
  • decreased BF
  • hemorrhage
  • increased O2 consumption by tissues
31
Q

RBC senescence and break down

A
  • as RBCs age they become less flexible, more fragile
  • phagocytized by macrophages in liver, spleen, bone marrow
  • normally loss= production
32
Q

what do RBCs get broken down into

A
  • heme group
  • protein group
  • heme gets broken down into iron and bilirubin
  • iron gets recycled, bilirubin gets degraded
33
Q

what are the hgb parameters for anemia

A
  • hgb < 13 in men

- hgb < 12 in women

34
Q

what is mild anemia

A
  • hgb 10
35
Q

what is mod anemia

A
  • hgb 8-9.9
36
Q

what is severe anemia

A
  • hgb 6.5 - 7.9
37
Q

what is life threatening anemia

A
  • < 6.5
38
Q

microcytic anemia

A
  • MCV < 80
39
Q

normocytic anemia

A
  • MCV 80-100
40
Q

macrocytic anemia

A
  • MCV > 100
41
Q

what is the MCV

A
  • average size of RBCs
42
Q

what is the MCH

A
  • average weight of hgb in RBCs
43
Q

what is the MCHC

A
  • average concentration of hgb in RBCs
44
Q

what is the RDW

A
  • red blood cell distribution width
  • tells you variation in size of RBCs
  • high- a lot of difference sized cells
  • low- a lot of same sized cells
45
Q

what are reticulocytes

A
  • immature RBCs
46
Q

why are reticulocyte counts important

A
  • if increased it means bone marrow is working

- as anemia worsens, RBCs leave marrow sooner

47
Q

what do low reticulocyte counts mean in anemia

A
  • marrow infiltration: leukemia, lymphoma, malignancy
  • marrow failure: pure red cell aplasia, MDS, fibrosis
  • def in raw materials: B12, Fe, folate
48
Q

what is hct

A
  • Hgb X 3

- expressed as %

49
Q

what is hgb electrophoresis

A
  • tests contents of RBCs against bands for various hgb types

- often used in thalassemias

50
Q

cells that are derived from lymphoid progenitor cells

A
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • NK cells
51
Q

what cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells

A
  • RBCs
  • platelets
  • WBCs: monocytes, neutrophils, eospinophils, basophils
52
Q

what blood cells have nuclei

A
  • WBCs

- RBCs and platelets DO NOT

53
Q

what is the role of eospinophils

A
  • parasites

- allergies

54
Q

what is the role of basophils

A
  • mast cell production
55
Q

what is the role of neutrophils

A
  • bacterial infection

- bands= immature neutrophils

56
Q

what is the role of B and T cells

A
  • viral infections
57
Q

what cells are phagocytes

A
  • monocytes

- neutrophils

clin med IV (23 decks)

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