Peds Final exam Flashcards
Types of play for all ages
Infant - solitary
Toddler - parallel
Pre school - associative
School age - cooperative
Infant nursing care
Play soothing music, Therapeutic hugging, speak in calming tone
infant toys
Mobiles, Noise-making, Soft toys, Large blocks
Toddler nursing care
Approach carefully, use toys/books to distract, parallel play with them
Toddler toys
Push-pull toys, Lg-piece puzzles, Balls
pre-school nursing care
imagination (bear gets a shot)
allow choices
Pre-school games
Art & crafts, Playing pretend, Books
school age nursing care
Encourage questions, Use diagrams, illustrations
school age games
Board games, Action figures, Models, Video games
Adolescent nursing care
Respect privacy, Do not force to talk, Use appropriate medical terms
Adolescent toys
Reading, Listening to music, peer time
newborn weight gain
Doubles by 5 months
Triples by 1 year
Newborn height gain
1 inch per month the first 6 months
Birth length increases about 50% by 12 months of age
Head circumference
Rapidly increases during first six months and about 10cm by 12 months of age
infant respiratory
Lack of IgA in mucosal lining of upper respiratory tract
Narrow nasal passages
Trachea and chest wall more compliant
Bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrower
Larynx more funnel shaped
Tongue larger
Significantly fewer alveoli
4 months
Rolls from back to side
Head control
Grasps objects with both hands
6 months
Rolls from back to front
Holds bottle
9 months
Sits unsupported
Creeps on hands/knees
Has crude pincer grasp
12 months
Sits down from standing
Walks with one hand/on own
Builds 2 block tower
Makes simple marks on paper
Feeds self with cup & spoon
Breastfeeding
Provides a complete diet for infants during the first 6 months
Iron supplementation for infants breastfed after age 4 months.
Bottle Feeding
Formulas are designed to imitate breast milk and provide 20 kcal/oz
Iron-fortified formulas (10-12mg Fe+ per liter) should be used
when can an infant drink cow milk?
after 1 year
Progressing to Solids
Around 4-6 months of age, infants can be assessed for readiness for solid foods
Extrusion Reflex must be extinguished (4-6 months) so that the spoon can be accepted;
Enzymes to digest food are not in sufficient quantity until 4-6 months
which solids to start with
Iron-fortified infant cereal are first foods
(rice-cereal, barley, oatmeal)
how often do we introduce new food
One new food every 3-5 days;
vegetables first then fruits
toddler nutrition facts
Food should be room temp & soft, and cut into small, bite-size pieces; generally prefer finger foods due to increasing autonomy
toddler Physiologic Anorexia
growth rate slows, decreasing the need for calories, protein, and fluid as compared to infancy
toddler food jags
prefers certain foods for time periods, then not wanting for another time
toddler Ritualism
same dish, cup or spoon, or will not eat
Toddler LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Ability to comprehend and understand speech (receptive language) is far greater than the number of words they can say (expressive language)
50-300 words by age 2
toddler type speech
Echolalia is a typical speech pattern (repeating what others say)
Telegraphic Speech: only few words to get point across; 2 words into simple sentence
car safety
Rear facing with harness straps and clip in back seat
After age 2, forward-facing seat in back seat of car
If appropriate rear seat unavailable, airbag must be disabled
pre school overview
imagination/magical thinking
animism - life qualities to inanimate objects
FEARS- loud noises dark places or hospitals
School aged overview
lots of self conscious feelings
peer pressure
onset of puberty girls 9-10 & boys 10-11
physical differences with school aged child
HR decreases, BP increases, RR decreases; Abdominal breathing disappears + replaced by diaphragmatic breathing
Frontal sinuses developed by age 7
Tonsils decrease in size but remain large
20 baby teeth replaced by 28-32 permanent teeth (except wisdom teeth)
