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Peds - Redman > Peds Exam 2 > Flashcards

Peds Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Kawasaki

A

Inflammation of blood vessels (hence strawberry tongue) causes coronary artery aneurysms AND cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

Kawasaki disease S/S

A

Bright red chapped lips & conjunctivitis
Extreme irritability
High fever and peeling rash
Enlarged spleen and lymph nodes
Desquamation of finger, toes, palm, sole

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3
Q

Kawasaki labs

A

Elevated ESR, CRP, and Platelet

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4
Q

Kawasaki Treatment

A

IVIG - high dose 2gm/Kg IV over 8-12 hrs
^improves immune response^
Aspirin - high 80-100 mg/kg/day Q6Hrs
Low dose (3-5 mg/kg/day) after fever breaks
^prevents coagulation^
Acetaminophen - treats fever
(10-15 mg/kg/dose)

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5
Q

Kawasaki nursing action

A

IVF, IVIG, and PO fluids as order: i&o
Aceto: fever and cool clothes if tolerated
Clear liquids and soft food
Lip lubricants and mouth care

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6
Q

Cleft lip palate - post op care

A

Prevent injury - no rubbing sutures by restraint or swaddling
Minimize crying and NOTHING in mouth
No pacifier, spoons, or straw, avoid suctioning
Position on side or supine with HOB elevated immediate post op to avoid aspiration

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7
Q

Cleft lip - pre op care

A

Adequate nutrition & infant-parent bond

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8
Q

What is Hypospadias?

A

Abnormal urethral opening on VENTRICLE surface of penis

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9
Q

Ventral

A

Below

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10
Q

Hypospadias TX

A

Surgery

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11
Q

Hypospadias post op care

A

Urethral stent/drainage tubing taped with penis upright to prevent stress on urethras incision
Analgesics for pain/bladder spasms
DOUBLE DIAPER -> protects stent

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12
Q

Hirschsprung

A

Failure to pass meconium
ABSENCE OF GANGLION CELLS
Complication of Enterocolitis

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13
Q

Hirschsprung TX

A

Need for 4 stage surgery with ileostomy or colostomy

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14
Q

Enterocolitis

A

Fever
Abdominal distension
Explosive stool
Rectal bleeding

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15
Q

Difference between pediatric and adult pulmonary anatomy

A
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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Characterized by the fatal 4

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17
Q

Fatal Four

A

1) VSD
2) pulmonary stenosis
3) hypertrophy of right ventricle
4) overriding aorta

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18
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot S/S

A

Dyspnea, easy fatigue, color changes with feeding
Loud harsh systolic murmur
TET spells - baby blues
Polycythemia

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19
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot: LABS

A

Polycythemia; elevated H&H & RBCs

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20
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot DX

A

CXR = boot shaped heart 🤍🤎

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21
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot DX

A

CXR = boot shaped heart 🤍🤎

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22
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot TX

A

Knee to chest for TET spells

Prostaglandins to keep PDA open (Increases pulmonary blood flow)

Surgical repair

23
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Forceful projectile, vomiting, followed by hunger soon after

24
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis S/S

A

Olive shaped movable mass in RUQ
WEIGHT LOSS
Abnormal electrolytes and metabolic alkalosis from dehydration

25
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Nursing Priority’s

A

IV fluids
Preop: NGT for decompression, NPO, I&O
Postop: wound care/IVF, PO 1-2 days after

26
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid in scrotal sac
Usually resolves by 12 months
TRANSILLUMINATE w/ light
Thank you

27
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid in scrotal sac
Usually resolves by 12 months
TRANSILLUMINATE w/ light
Thank you

28
Q

Varicocele

A

“Worm like” spermatic veins - enlarged
Causes low sperm count
Pain with palpitation
Mass on one of both side that is bluish in color
Seen in adolescents

29
Q

Phimosis

A

Foreskin can’t be retracted

30
Q

Phimosis TX

A

Topical steroid cream BID x1M

31
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Restrictive band behind the glands penis
(can’t retract foreskin) - can cause incarceration and necrosis

32
Q

Paraphimosis TX

A

SURGERY

33
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Kidney filtration disorder were too much protein is filtered out of the blood

Protein -> hyperlipidemia -> Edema

34
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome S/S

A

Frothy urine -> proteinuria
Irritability or fussiness
Abdominal distention and ascites
N/V and sudden weight gain
Facial edema upon waking -> general through out the day

35
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - MEDS

A

Cortical steroid prednisone - SE: Cushing feature, mood swings, ^ appetite, and weight gain

Diuretic furosemide (may require K+ replacement)

36
Q

Nephrotic syndrome: Nursing actions

A

Urine protein & I&O
Daily weights
Nutrition/dietary consult; sodium restriction when edematous
Prevent infection -> can cause relapse

37
Q

Coarctation of Aorta: Labs

A

Rib notching on CXR

38
Q

Coarctation of Aorta S/S

A

Leg pain w/ activity
Increased BP in upper extremeties
Decreased BP in lower extremities
Full bounding pulses in UE:
weak pulseS in LE
FREQUENT EPISTAXIS: nosebleeds

39
Q

Status asthmaticus TX/Meds

A
40
Q

Physical cues of dehydration

A

Sunken Fontanelle
Dry mucus membrane
Reduced LOC
Reduce tissue turgor
Tachypnea
Weight loss
Eyes sunken

41
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Injured glomeruli from immune response associated with exposure to group A beta hemolytic streptococcus

42
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis LABS

A

Decreased UOP & GFR
Increased BUN/Creatinine

+ ASO titer

43
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis S/S

A

HTN, Edema, fever, Lethargy, HA, abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia

44
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis CAUSE:

A

Recent pharyngitis/strep throat or skin infection

45
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis PRIORITY OF CARE

A

Manage fluid volume
ABX for strep
Manage hypertension: diuretics and anti-hypertensives

46
Q

Ventricular septal defect S/S

A

Holistic harsh murder along left sternal border
Palpable thrill in chest
Opening between the ventricles

47
Q

Asthma Exacerbation S/S

A

Low O2, use of accessory muscles, sweating, wheezing, crackles, Dyspnea, SOB

Hacking cough worse at night that is nonproductive
Tripod positioning

48
Q

Ominous sign of Asthma Exacerbation

A

Silent chest (no air movement)

49
Q

Asthma Exacerbation - first thing to do

A

Start O2 or admin bronchodilator

50
Q

Oral rehydration

A

Attempted first for mild or moderate

Always Pedialyte

51
Q

Oral rehydration solutions

A

Mild: 50 mL/kg

Moderate: 100 mL/kg

Diarrhea: 10 mL/kg for each stool

52
Q

Enuresis

A
53
Q

Patent Ductus arteriosus

A

Peds - Redman (1 decks)

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