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Peds ATI & Final (Josh) > Peds Final Blueprint 1 > Flashcards

Peds Final Blueprint 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is PKU Test?

A

Phenylketonuria Test

measures if baby has enzyme to use phenylalanine in body. Phenylalanine is an amino acid that is needed for normal growth and development

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2
Q

What surgery for Clubfoot?

A

percutaneous heel cord tenotomy

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3
Q

Hypoglcyemia or Hyperglycemia?

deep, rapid kussmaul respirations

A

Hyperglycemia

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4
Q

Decreased BP in lower limbs may be a sign of —

A

coarctation of the artery

  • check BP in all four extremeties
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5
Q

Clubfoot:

Eversion of feet(bending outward)

A

Talipes Valgus

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6
Q

When would a Halo Vest be used?

A

vertebral fracture w/out neurological deficit

  • permits earlier ambulation
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7
Q

S/S of Tet Spells?

A

Peripheral dilation

Increased HR

Decerased diastolic filling time

Blood flows from RIGHT TO LEFT—TETRALOGY OF FALLOT (Path of least resistance)

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8
Q

Hypoglycemia is glucose of —

Hyperglycemia is glucose of —

A

250

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9
Q

Best exercise for JIA kids?

A

swimming

though they can do most activities

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10
Q

What is the usual organism for UTI?

A

E coli

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11
Q

— is the most common heart defect in children.

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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12
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

heart defect that causes a right to left shunt of blood

  • **squatting!!
    • an unconscious means of relieving hypoxia
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13
Q

Clubfoot:

Inversion of feet

A

Talipes varus

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14
Q

What does HgA1c measure?

A

3-mth avg of plasma glucose concentration

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15
Q

What are the screening tests for Scoliosis?

A

Cobb technique - degree of curvature

Risser Scale - skeletal maturity

Measure truncal rotation

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16
Q

Heart defects w/ decreased pulmonary blood flow.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tricuspid Atresia

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17
Q

Which cardiac defects result in obstruction of blood flow?

A

Coarcation of artery

Aortic Stenosis

Pulmonic Stenosis

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18
Q

When sick, how often should we monitor blood glucose and ketones in urine?

A

q 3 hrs

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19
Q

Exopthalmos is a clinical manifestation of —

A

Graves Disease

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20
Q

Poor appetite, FTT, and frequent urination are S/S of —

A

UTI

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21
Q

Hypoglcyemia or Hyperglycemia?

Double Vision

A

Hypoglycemia

Hyper has blurred vision

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22
Q

Hypoglcyemia or Hyperglycemia?

Rapid onset

A

Hypoglycemia is rapid

Hyper is slow

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23
Q

In —, alterations in glomerular membrane allow proteins (albumin) to pass into urine.

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Weight gain / edema (facial, ankles, periorbital)

Ascites

Anorexia, diarrhea, lethargy

Decreased frothy urine

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25
Q

What are normal HgA1c values for a child w/ diabetes?

A

6.5-8% but we won’t to stay

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26
Q

Treat hypoglycemia with — of simple carbs.

A

10-15 g

  • milk
  • soda
  • T of sugar
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27
Q

How is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthitis treated?

A

PT

Splinting at night

Warm baths / packs on joints

NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids

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28
Q

Facial features for Down’s Syndrome

A

Oblique palpebral fissures (upward, outward slant) of the eyes

Iris speckled “Brushfield spots”

Flat nasal bridge (Saddle nose)

Large protruding tongue

Low set ears

Short broad neck

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29
Q

Which cardiac defects result in increased pulmonary blood flow?

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

Atrial Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

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30
Q

What is the significance of a blue hue to the sclera in the newborn assessment?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The blue-gray color of the sclera is due to the underlying choroidal veins which show through. This is due to the sclera being thinner than normal because the defective Type I collagen is not forming correctly

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31
Q

— is caused by disrupted blood flow in the femoral head, resulting in necrosis.

A

Legg Calve Perthes

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32
Q

Hypokalemia — Digoxin toxicity.

A

potentiates

***serum potassium

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33
Q

— is narrowing of aortic valve and causes which side of heart to enlarge?

A

Aortic Stenosis

  • causes left ventricular hypertrophy
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34
Q

Normal urine should be negative for —

35
Q

What are the warning signs for Acute Compartment Syndrome?

A

Pain

Pressure

Paresthesia (numbness)

Paralysis

Pulselessness

36
Q

What is the onset of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

3-7 yrs old

37
Q

Safe Digoxin Range

38
Q

Scoliosis affects the spine. What else does it affect?

39
Q

Best position to increase oxygenation during Tet Spell?

A

knee to chest

40
Q

S/S of Nephrotic Syndrome

A

elvated protein in urine

decreased serum protein (6.1-7.9)

elevated serum lipid level

normal potassium level

41
Q

What is Gower’s Sign?

A

unsteady gait w/ a waddle

***it is a sign of MD

42
Q

Clubfoot:

Toes are facing inward lower than heel

A

Talipes Equinovarus

43
Q

What affect does exercise have on child w/ diabetes?

A

decreases need for insulin

***snack 30 mins before to prevent hypoglycemia

44
Q

What is the Pavlik Harness?

A

treatment for DDH

  • keeps hips in place
  • adjust q 1-2 weeks
  • wear for 12 wks
45
Q

What are the 4 types of clubfoot?

A

Talipes Varus

Talipes Valgus

Talipes Calcaneus

Talipes Equniovarus

46
Q

What is the most accurate lab for diabetes?

A

HgA1c

  • glycated Hgb
  • can’t be ‘faked’ last minute for a good reading
47
Q

Failure to smile and poor head control at 3 months are a warning sign for —

A

Cerebral Palsy

48
Q

What is MCNS?

A

Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome

  • most common form of Nephrotic Syndrome
49
Q

Blue sclera and Hearing Loss are S/S of –

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

50
Q

Graves Disease leads to —

A

Hyperthyroidism

51
Q

What will you listen for w/ Ventricular Septal Defect?

A

loud, harsh murmur on left sternal border

52
Q

How long does somatropin treatment last?

A

until epiphyseal closure

53
Q

Brain abscesses are more common in — than any other Congenital Heart Disease.

A

Tetrology of Fallot

54
Q

Long term problems w/ Cerebral Palsy?

A 
Seizures
Drooling
Difficulty feeding / speech 
Risk for aspiration
Orthopedic complications –hip dislocation/scoliosis
Constipation
Dental caries
Gingivitis
Nystagmus
Hearing Loss
Latex allergy has also been reported in children with CP
Intellectual Impairment (70% normal)
ADHD
55
Q

Types of DDH?

A

Acetabular Dysplasia (delay in acetabular development)

Subluxation (incomplete dislocation of hip)

Dislocation (femoral head does not have contact w/ acetabulum)

56
Q

Clubfoot:

Dorsiflexion (toes higher than heels)

A

Talipes Calcaneus

57
Q

S/S of Fractured Femur

A

Crepitus

Edema/Swelling

Pain

Ecchymosis

58
Q

Maternal chorioamnionitis increases risk for —

A

Cerebral Palsy

59
Q

What is DDH?

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

60
Q

What is one of the first things we do with DKA?

A

obtain venous access to give all the fluids

61
Q

S/S of MD

A

fatigue/muscle weakness (lower extremities first)

Unsteady gait, with a waddle

Lordosis

Frequent falling

Learning difficulties/cognitive delays

Atrophy of muscles–possible loss of ability to walk by age 12

62
Q

What is the pre-op treatment for Clubfoot?

A

serial casting shortly after birth

63
Q

Treatment for a sprain?

A

RICE

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

64
Q

S/S of Compartment Syndrome

A

Increased pain that is unrelieved with analgesics or elevation

Numbness

Pulselessness

Inability to move digits

Warm digits with skin that is tight and shiny
pallor

65
Q

Which type of traction?

skin traction on lower leg and padded sling under the knee

A

Russell Traction

66
Q

What do we do w/ bony prominences when casting?

67
Q

Nursing responsibilities w/ Legg Calve Perthes?

A

Maintain rest and no weight bearing

Administer NSAIDs

68
Q

Urinalysis for Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Proteinuria (2+ on dipstick)

69
Q

Nursing responsibilities w/ a fracture

A

Assess 5 P’s

Cover open wound w/ sterile dressing

Immobilize limb

Neurvascular checks often

Elevate if possible

Ice for 20 mins

Pain meds

Keep client warm

70
Q

What is a Denis Browne Splint?

A

shoes w/ a bar holding them apart

used as postop treatment for clubfoot

71
Q

What are Tet Spells?

A

acute episodes of cyanosis and hypoxia

72
Q

What is Torticollis?

A

wry neck (head tilt)

73
Q

Kernicterus, caused by

Billirubin, is a risk factor for —

A

Cerebral Palsy

74
Q

What is the cause of Aortic Stenosis?

A

bicuspid, instead of tricuspid, aortic valve

75
Q

Pathology of Cerebral Palsy

A

Cerebral anoxia –>

Brain damage –>

Loss of normal function

76
Q

Why are NSAIDs good for JIA?

A

control pain and inflammation

long term use w/ few S/E

***take w/ food for gastric irritation

77
Q

Bryant Traction is which type of traction?

A

Skin Traction

  • hips are at 90 degree angle
  • butt off bed
78
Q

Can MD be treated?

A

no, just manage symptoms

  • encourage ROM and ADL as long as possible
  • keep lungs functioning
79
Q

What is Lordosis?

80
Q

When is permanent closure of the ductus areriosis?

A

10-21 days after birth

81
Q

What is the growth hormone?

A

Somatropin

  • subQ
82
Q

MD affects which extremities first?

83
Q

Why are fluids necessary w/ DKA?

A

because they are so dehydrated

Peds ATI & Final (Josh) (11 decks)

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