Peds Eyes Flashcards
Epicanthal folds
vertical fold of skin nasally that covers the lacrimal caruncle.
Normal variants in Asian infants but may be a sign of genetic anomalies in others (ie Down syndrome)
On screening of a newborn. What anatomy of the eyes do you check?
Size (check to see if both eyes are the same size)
Distance between eyes
Conjunctiva, sclera, iris, pupil
What is the red reflex? What does normal look like?
orange to red light reflection from the fundus.
Should be equal in both eyes and fill the pupil completely
What is Leukocoria and what is it caused by?
white reflex, caused by congenital cataract or retinoblastoma
What is worrisome with this scenario?
Asymmetric red reflexes, with a yellow right eye flex and red left eye reflex.
The yellow/ white side is the problem
When is visual fixation present?
birth
When is fixation well developed?
6-9 weeks
Visual following occurs at what age?
3 months
What does accommodation mean and when does it occur?
Pupils dilating and constricting based on distance
4 months
What is steropsis and when does it occurs?
Dept Perception
4 months
What types of test do you perform for a baby between 6-12 months?
Red reflex and corneal light reflex
Inspection
Fix and follow
Poor fixation beyond what age is usually pathologic and requires ophthalmology referral?
6 months
What types of test do you perform for 3-5 year olds?
Red reflex
Inspection
Visual acuity
Cover-uncover test
What is the visual acuity of a newborn (range)?
20/400 - 20/800
What is the visual acuity of children 3 years and up?
20/40 or better
What is strabismus?
misalignment of the eyes
What does the prefix eso- mean?
inward
What does the prefix exo- mean?
outward
What does the prefix hyper- mean?
up
What does the prefix hypo- mean?
down
What suffix do you use to describe corneal reflex test?
tropia
What is pseudostrabismus and when does it most commonly occur?
an appearance of misalignment of the eyes without actual strabismus present.
Occurs most commonly when there is a broad nasal bridge
Amblyopia
“lazy eye”
loss of visual acuity due to active cortical suppression of the vision of the eye
What is one cause of amblyopia?
Strabismus
What is the single most effective screening test for the presence of amblyopia?
Determination of visual acuity via noninvasive screening
What are the requirements for normal visual development?
clear retinal image
equal image clarity
proper eye alignment
