Peds Eyes

Question 1

Epicanthal folds

Answer 1

vertical fold of skin nasally that covers the lacrimal caruncle.
Normal variants in Asian infants but may be a sign of genetic anomalies in others (ie Down syndrome)

Question 2

On screening of a newborn. What anatomy of the eyes do you check?

Answer 2

Size (check to see if both eyes are the same size)
Distance between eyes
Conjunctiva, sclera, iris, pupil

Question 3

What is the red reflex? What does normal look like?

Answer 3

orange to red light reflection from the fundus.

Should be equal in both eyes and fill the pupil completely

Question 4

What is Leukocoria and what is it caused by?

Answer 4

white reflex, caused by congenital cataract or retinoblastoma

Question 5

What is worrisome with this scenario?

Asymmetric red reflexes, with a yellow right eye flex and red left eye reflex.

Answer 5

The yellow/ white side is the problem

Question 6

When is visual fixation present?

Answer 6

birth

Question 7

When is fixation well developed?

Answer 7

6-9 weeks

Question 8

Visual following occurs at what age?

Answer 8

3 months

Question 9

What does accommodation mean and when does it occur?

Answer 9

Pupils dilating and constricting based on distance

4 months

Question 10

What is steropsis and when does it occurs?

Answer 10

Dept Perception

4 months

Question 11

What types of test do you perform for a baby between 6-12 months?

Answer 11

Red reflex and corneal light reflex
Inspection
Fix and follow

Question 12

Poor fixation beyond what age is usually pathologic and requires ophthalmology referral?

Answer 12

6 months

Question 13

What types of test do you perform for 3-5 year olds?

Answer 13

Red reflex
Inspection
Visual acuity
Cover-uncover test

Question 14

What is the visual acuity of a newborn (range)?

Answer 14

20/400 - 20/800

Question 15

What is the visual acuity of children 3 years and up?

Answer 15

20/40 or better

Question 16

What is strabismus?

Answer 16

misalignment of the eyes

Question 17

What does the prefix eso- mean?

Answer 17

inward

Question 18

What does the prefix exo- mean?

Answer 18

outward

Question 19

What does the prefix hyper- mean?

Answer 19

up

Question 20

What does the prefix hypo- mean?

Answer 20

down

Question 21

What suffix do you use to describe corneal reflex test?

Answer 21

tropia

Question 22

What is pseudostrabismus and when does it most commonly occur?

Answer 22

an appearance of misalignment of the eyes without actual strabismus present.
Occurs most commonly when there is a broad nasal bridge

Question 23

Amblyopia

Answer 23

“lazy eye”

loss of visual acuity due to active cortical suppression of the vision of the eye

Question 24

What is one cause of amblyopia?

Answer 24

Strabismus

Question 25

What is the single most effective screening test for the presence of amblyopia?

Answer 25

Determination of visual acuity via noninvasive screening

Question 26

What are the requirements for normal visual development?

Answer 26

clear retinal image
equal image clarity
proper eye alignment