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Clinical Medicine Exam 2 > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What are common problems related to eyes?

A 
Focusing problems
Cataracts
Diabetes
Macular degeneration 
Glaucoma
Transient loss of vision
Flashes of light
Diplopia
Itching
Headache 
Red eye
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2
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

central vision loss

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3
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

elevated pressure - peripheral vision is lost first

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4
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

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5
Q

If diplopia occurs in one eye, what could be the problem?

A

optical

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6
Q

If diplopia occurs in both eyes, what could be the problem?

A

alignment

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7
Q

What disease is the most common cause of exophthalmos?

A

thyroid disease

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8
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging eyes

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9
Q

When patient has diabetes, what sort of eye problems are of most concern?

A

large changes in vision correction
cause of CN paralysis (CN III, IV, VI)
Retinopathy

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10
Q

Common HPI and PROS questions

A 
sudden or gradual
persistent or transitory
recent trauma
time spent on computer screens
new medications
past medical and surgical history
recent URI
one or both eyes
last eye exam
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11
Q

What to inspect during the physical eye exam

A 
periorbital skin
eyebrows
eyelashes
eyelids
lacrimal apparatus
conjunctiva and sclera
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12
Q

What do you look for when inspecting periorbital skin?

A

swelling, redness, lesions, rash

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13
Q

What do you look for when inspecting eyebrows?

A

amount of hair, scaliness

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14
Q

What do you look for when inspecting eyelashes?

A

crusting, amount of lashes

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15
Q

What do you look for when inspecting eyelids?

A

edema, color, width of palpebral fissures, adequacy of eyelid closure

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16
Q

What do you look for when inspecting lacrimal apparatus?

A

swelling, tearing or drying

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17
Q

What do you look for when inspecting conjunctiva and sclera?

A

color, vascular pattern, nodules, swelling, presence of foreign bodies in conjunctiva

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18
Q

When using the Snellen eye chart, how far does the patient need to stand from the chart?

A

20 feet

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19
Q

What and how do you record when using the Snellen eye chart?

A

Record as fraction
Numerator - distance from the chart (20 feet)
Denominator - distance the average eye can read the chart

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20
Q

What does using the hand held card (Rosenbaum chart) help identify?

A

need for reading glasses or bifocals

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21
Q

How far away should the patient hold the hand-held card?

A

14 inches from the patient’s face

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22
Q

What does visual fields by confrontation test for?

A

defect in any quadrant of the field of vision

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23
Q

How far away do you stand from the patient when performing visual fields by confrontation?

A

3 feet. at patient’s eye level

24
Q

Nystagmus

A

jerking or drifting of the eyes

25
Q

Convergence

A

bringing your finger towards their nose

26
Q

Under what condition(s) should you be in while performing pupillary responses?

A

normal light and with light shining in eye

27
Q

Looking at patient’s right eye and you shine a light into it, you see constriction, what kind of response is this?

A

direct

28
Q

Looking at the left eye, you shine a light in the right eye and you observe constriction in the left eye, what kind of response is this?

A

consensual

29
Q

What does the swinging light test for?

A

test for functional impairment in the optic nerves

30
Q

What does the lateral penlight test for?

A

estimate the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye

31
Q

What do you always want to do prior to instilling mydriatic drops to the eye?

A

lateral penlight test

32
Q

What does the corneal light reflex test?

A

ocular alignment by reflecting light off patient’s pupils

33
Q

What is a normal result for the corneal light reflex?

A

The light reflects from center of both pupils

34
Q

What test is used to detect tropia?

A

cover test

35
Q

What is phoria?

A

movement of the eyes during binocular fixation on a given object in the absence of adequate fusion stimulus

36
Q

How is phoria detected?

A

By observing the covered eye just as it is uncovered

37
Q

What does the corneal sensitivity test?

A

CN V

38
Q

When do you use a small light source?

A

When the room lights are not dimmed or for small pupils

39
Q

When do you use a large light source?

A

when pupils are dilated

40
Q

When do you use the green light on the ophthalmoscope?

A

used to see drusen bodies, nerve fibers and blood

41
Q

When do you use the slit on the ophthalmoscope?

A

used to examine anterior chamber, corneal injuries

42
Q

What do you use the GRID pattern for?

A

identify size of lesion

43
Q

What is myopic and what color lens should you use?

A

near-sighted, red

44
Q

What is hyperopic and what color lens should you use?

A

far-sighted, black

45
Q

What are common pathologies pertaining to the eye?

A 
corneal abrasion
corneal opacification
conjunctivitis
pterygium
hyphema
cataracts
papilledema
diabetic retinopathy
drusen
46
Q

What is esotropia?

A

crossed eyes, eyes turn inward

47
Q

What is exotropia?

A

eyes that turn outward

48
Q

In esodeviation, how is the reflex displaced on the deviated eye?

A

reflex is displaced laterally

49
Q

In exodeviation, how is the reflex displaced on the deviated eye?

A

reflex is displaced medially

50
Q

What test is used to detect phoria?

A

cover-uncover test

51
Q

When a patient complains of flashes of light, what could be the cause?

A

retinal detachment

52
Q

When a patient has a red eye, what could it be indicative of?

A

Allergies
Trauma
Broken red vessel

53
Q

What test allows you to detect afferent defect (Marcus Gunn pupil)?

A

swinging light test, also indicative of tertiary syphilis

54
Q

What test is important to perform to prevent blindness in children?

A

pupillary response test

55
Q

A shallow anterior chamber is indicative of what?

A

risk of acute-angle glaucoma

Clinical Medicine Exam 2 (7 decks)

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