PEDS EXAM 2 Flashcards
What is the expected respiratory rate for a toddler?
25-30 breaths/min
What is the expected heart rate for a toddler?
80-140 bpm
What is the approximate upper-bound blood pressure for a toddler?
90/50
What is worse: supraclavicular retractions or subcostal retractions?
Supraclavicular retractions are worst.
-retractions become more severe the higher up in the airway they are.
What breath sound is expected with croup?
Inspiratory stridor
–sound results from upper airway swelling
–can often be heard without auscultation
What breath sounds are expected with asthma/bronchospasm?
Wheezing
–more common on exhalation
What are the 4 cardinal signs of EARLY respiratory distress?
-restlessness
-tachypnea
-tachycardia
-diaphoresis
–these symptoms manifest as the body TRIES TO COMPENSATE for the respiratory distress
What are the 4 signs of LATE respiratory distress?
-bradypnea
-bradycardia
-cyanosis
-coma
–these symptoms manifest as the body can NO LONGER COMPENSATE for the respiratory distress
What is the expected minimum inches/year growth in height for a toddler?
2 inches/year
What are expected skills for a 15-month-old toddler?
-clapping when excited
-stacking 2 small objects
-taking a few steps independently
What are expected skills for an 18-month-old toddler?
-scribbling
-drinking from an open cup (w/ or w/o spilling)
-attempts to use utensils to feed self
-can walk independently
-can climb on and off furniture
What are expected skills for a 2-year-old toddler?
-can kick a ball
-can run
-walk up/down stairs w/ or w/o help
-can use gestures
What are expected skills for a 30-month-old toddler?
-can twist objects (doorknobs, lids, etc)
-can jump off ground with both feet
What are expected skills for a 3-year-old?
-can ride a tricycle
-can put some clothes on independently
At what age should toddlers be able to speak sentences with at least 3 words and speak in a way understood by others?
Age 3
What Erickson’s stage (psychosocial) are toddlers in?
Autonomy VS Shame
What age range defines a preschooler?
3-6 years old
What is expected height gain in inches/year for a preschooler?
3 inches/year
What is expected weight gain in pounds/year for a preschooler?
4.5 lbs/year
What Erickson’s stage (psychosocial) are preschoolers in?
Initiative VS Guilt
-development of a superego (conscience) occurs during this stage
What stage of Piaget’s (cognitive development) are preschoolers in?
Preoperational stage (2-7)
What is magical thinking?
The idea that one’s thoughts are all-powerful and can influence events.
What is animism?
Personification of inanimate objects
What is centration?
Focusing on narrow aspects of a situation, inability to see bigger picture
What types of play are expected for a preschooler?
Dramatic play, associative play, imitative play, imaginative play
How much sleep should a preschooler get per night?
12 hours per night, infrequent naps
What age range defines a school-aged child?
6-12
How many inches/year should a school-aged child gain?
2 inches/year
How many pounds/year should a school-aged child gain?
4-7 lbs/year
What Erickson’s (psychosocial) stage are school-aged children in?
Industry VS Inferiority
-comparing self to peers
-enjoys rules and order
-desire sense of accomplishment
What stage of Piaget’s (cognitive development) are school-aged children in?
Concrete operations (7-11)
-begin to be able to solve concrete problems
-begin to see perspective of otherss
