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NURS210 > Peds Exam 1 - Blood, Heart, Perfusion > Flashcards

Peds Exam 1 - Blood, Heart, Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the examples of an increase in pulmonary flow for a cardiac defect

A

VSD
AVD
PDA

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2
Q

what happens with the congenital heart defect that increases pulmonary flow

A

the left heart is hypertrophied, pressure increase

increase in lung circulation

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3
Q 
wet lung sounds
increase in respiratory rate
increase in metabolic rate
increase in heart rate
poor feeding and fatigue
frequent respiratory infections

all are symptoms of what?

A

heart defect – increase in pulmonary flow

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4
Q

nursing considerations for VSD

A

supplement nutrition

strict intake and output –> CHF

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5
Q

what happens during a restrict in blood flow

A

obstruction in blood flow to right heart, decrease in oxygenated blood

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6
Q 
dyspnea
cyanosis that does not improve from o2
loud murmur
fatigue while feeding
knee to chest positioning in child is an example of what congenital heart defect
A

restrict in blood flow

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7
Q

what are the types of heart defects that restrict blood flow

A

tetralogy of fallot
coarction of the aorta
hypo plastic left heart

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8
Q

what are the defects in tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD

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9
Q

what is an outcome of teratology of fallot

A

a tet spell

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10
Q

characteristics of a tet spell

A

diminish in heart murmur
rapid deep breathing
worsening cyanosis
uncontrollable crying and panic

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11
Q

what can cause a tet spell

A

agitation and crying
early morning after awakening
noxious stimuli

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12
Q

what is a bad sign during a tet spell

A

heart murmur goes to bay

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13
Q

why is a diminished heart murmur bad during a tet spell

A

pulmonary blood flow is severely compromised

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14
Q

what makes up a tet treatment

A

positioning
reducing irritable stimuli
oxygen
opiods

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15
Q

during tachycardia in a child - what meds would be best

A

lanoxin
lasix
Ace inhibitors

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16
Q

what would be good education for a child with a increase in pulmonary flow heart defect (i.e. PDA, AVD,VSD)

A

it may close!

if before 6 mos old

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17
Q

opening in atrial septum

A

AVD

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18
Q

blood shunted into the pulmonary artery

A

VSD

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19
Q

mix of pulmonary blood into aorta

A

PDA

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20
Q

what is affected during hypoplastic heart

A

mitral, left ventricle, aortic valve

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21
Q

why does hypo plastic left heart happen

A

the left side of the heart is under developed

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22
Q

what is the coarction of the heart?

A

skinny narrow part of the aorta

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23
Q

manifestations of CHF

A

dyspnea
tachypnea
intercostal retractions

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24
Q

what is rheumatic fever

A

autoimmune connective tissue disorder

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25
Q

what are manifestations of rheumatic fever

A 
J - oints
O - "endocarditis" i.e. heart infection
N - odule
E - rythema
S - haking
26
Q

what causes rheumatic fever?

A

uncontrolled strep throat, not treated

27
Q

what is a common side effect of rheumatic fever?

A

scarring of the mitral valve

28
Q

what may happen if mitral valve scarring happens in rheumatic fever?

A

murmur may develop

29
Q

positive diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

A

2 JONES criteria and recent strep infection

30
Q

nurse management of rheumatic fever?

A 
prevent strep
monitor vitals
auscultate heart
anti-biotics
long term anti bionics
baseline EKG
31
Q

who does rheumatic fever effect the most?

A

school aged children and toddlers

32
Q

what is kawasaki disease?

A

systemic vascular inflammatory disorder (autoimmune)

33
Q

who does kawasaki effect the most?

A

younger than 5!

34
Q 
abrupt sustained fever
irritable
heart problems
red cracked lips
peeling or nails and hands
red eyes
swollen lymph nodes
rash
A

kawasaki disease

35
Q

ECG
IVIG
high dose aspirin followed by low dose QID

A

kawasaki disease

36
Q 
lube lips
temp before aspirin
weigh
keep skin cool and dry
change clothes and linens
small feedings
passive ROM
post pone varicella and measles vaccine
A

kawasaki disease nursing management

37
Q

blood transfusion “good to know”

A

low and slow
gradually increase
stop for reaction - Benadryl if mild

38
Q

what may cause iron deficient anemia

A

rapid growth
infant not on solids
iron deficient maternal source

39
Q

what are manifestations of iron deficient anemia

A 
pallor and fatigue
poor feeding
irritability
pica
tachypnea
drop in BP and chest pain
40
Q

what is an indicative HgB level for anemia?

A

below 11

41
Q

what is a dangerous cardiac output anemia?

A

below 8

42
Q

what triggers sickle cell

A

dehydration
infection
physical/emotional stress
cold exposure

43
Q

what is a complication of sickle cell anemia

A

hemosiderosis (iron deposits in organs)

44
Q

manifestations of sickle cell

A

iron deficient symptoms

45
Q

pain crisis symptoms

A 
fever
tissue engorgement
PAIN
swelling in hands and feet
abdominal pain
46
Q

what are side effects of a pain crisis.. “what can happen?”

A

pulmonary acute chest syndrome

47
Q

what are side effects of pulmonary acute chest syndrome

A

pulmonary infection
chest pain
cough
dyspnea

48
Q

treatment of sickle cell

A 
ibuprofen 
opioids
tylenol
oxygen
bedrest
49
Q

ITP what is

A

acquired platelet disorder, platelet count is low

50
Q

what are symptoms of ITP

A

easy bruising

platelet count until 20,000

51
Q

treatment of ITP

A

IVIG

52
Q

what is hemophilia

A

clotting disorder, does not clot normally

53
Q

how to test for hemopholia

A

heel stick in newborns

54
Q

manifestations of hemophilia

A 
spontaneous bleeding
bruising
bleeding into joints
hematuria
circumcision bleeding
55
Q

how to treat hemophilia

A

give the clotting factor (supplement)

56
Q

what kind of disorder is unique to childhood

A

platelet disorder

57
Q

what is leukemia

A

most common child hood cancer

immature WBC take over RBC organs

58
Q

what does leukemia cause

A

anemia

59
Q

what does leukemia look like

A

the flu!

60
Q

what are some exclusive leukemia symptoms

A

nose bleeds
gi ascites
enlarged lymph

61
Q

what will leukemia labs look like

A

high calcium and high WBC

62
Q

what is a rule of thumb of what sickle cell anemia effects

A

brain
lung
abdomen
eyes

NURS210 (9 decks)

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