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Pediatrics > Peds Exam 1 > Flashcards

Peds Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A fever is a rectal temperature that exceeds

A

38 degrees C (100.4 F)

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2
Q

Fever has the GREATEST RISK among infants and children younger than

A

36 months

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3
Q

Most common eye disorder in children is

A

Conjunctivitis

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4
Q

Most common bacterial cause of conjunctivitis is

A

H. influenza

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5
Q

Most common viral cause of conjunctivitis is

A

Adneoviruses

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6
Q

Treatment of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis is

A
  1. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B solution (polytrim) topical drops; 1 drop 4x daily for 7 days
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7
Q

Treatment of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis in babies is

A

Erythromycin ointment

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8
Q

Blepharitis is treated with

A
  1. Cleansing the lid well / warm compresses
  2. Erythromycin ointment OR Azithromycin drops
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9
Q

______ rhinosinusitis is most common

A

Viral

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10
Q

diagnosis of acute bacterial rhino sinusitis is made

A

when a cold does not improve by 10-14 days or worsens at day 5-7

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11
Q

Gold standard diagnostic testing for rhino sinusitis is

A

Nasal endoscopy (done by ENT and rarely done)

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12
Q

First line treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitits is

A

1st Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day for 10 days
Second line is Augmentin

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13
Q

The TWO most common causes of periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis is

A
  • Group A strep
  • Staph aureus
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14
Q

How does periorbital cellulitis differ in presentation from orbital cellulitis

A

Periorbital: Visual acuity, eye motility, and pupillary reaction are normal. No pain on eye movement and no proptosis.
Orbital cellulitis: Poor vision, proptosis, poor motility, double and blurry vision, very painful.

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15
Q

Treatment of periorbital cellulitis includes

A
  • PO or IV antibiotics
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) 80-90 mg/kg/day for 10 days
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16
Q

Orbital cellulitis is more commonly associated with

A

Rhinosinusitis

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17
Q

the most common cause of URI (common cold) 30-40% of the time is

A

Rhinovirus

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18
Q

most common viral cause of pharyngitis is

A

Rhinovirus

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19
Q

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis is

A

Group A strep

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20
Q

Although this is usually not first line dx test, what is the gold standard test to distinguish group A strep pharyngitis from other organisms?

A

Throat culture

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21
Q

Treatment for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis strep throat is

A

Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day once daily for 10 days

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22
Q

if attempting to eradicate strep carrier state, how could you do that?

A
  • Clindamycin for 10 days OR
  • Rifampin for 5 days
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23
Q

What vaccination has reduced the incidence of Epiglottis?

A

H Flu type B (HIB) vaccination

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24
Q

A thumb print sign on X-ray Indicates

A

Epiglottitis

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25
Q

Definitive dx of epiglottitis is

A

Nasal fiberoptic endoscope performed in the OR; can see “Cherry red” erythematous and edematous epiglottitis

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26
Q

Treatment of epiglottitis includes

A

IV antibiotics: Ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for 2-3 days and then change to oral meds to complete a 10 day course

27
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis is caused by

A

Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus infection

28
Q

Diagnosis of Mono can be done via

A

Serum Monospot test (90% sensitive)

29
Q

A “hot potato voice”, deviated uvula and soft palate to the contralateral side, and a severe sore throat that is out of proportion to physical findings may suggest

A

Peritonsillar abscess

30
Q

Tx of a peritonsillar abscess includes

A

Referring pt to ENT for incision and drainage and antibiotics

31
Q

what is type I hypersensitivity

A

Immediate hypersensitivity (systemic or localized)

32
Q

what is type II hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic (antibody-dependent)

33
Q

what is type III hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex (inflammatory reaction)

34
Q

what is type IV hypersensitivity

A

Delayed (cell mediated)

35
Q

Allergic rhinitis is a type ____ mediated allergic response?

A

Type I IgE

36
Q

What is the atopic triad?

A

Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis

37
Q

The best wat to test for allergies is

A

Skin testing

38
Q

Skin testing works by

A

bioassay that detects the presence of allergen-specific IgE on a pt’s mast cells

39
Q

Severity classification of allergic rhinitis:
Sx present < 4 days a week or for < 4 weeks

A

intermittent

40
Q

Severity classification of allergic rhinitis:
Sx present > 4 days a week and for > 4 weeks

A

Persistent

41
Q

Severity classification of allergic rhinitis:
Without impairment or disturbance of sleep, daily activities, work, school, or without troublesome sx

A

Mild

42
Q

Severity classification of allergic rhinitis:
Disturbance of sleep, daily activities, leisure, sports, school or work

A

Moderate-severe

43
Q

In infancy, atopic dermatitis is found on

A

Face, scalp, and extensor surfaces

44
Q

what are Dennie-Morgan folds and what condition are they associated with?

A

(aka infraorbital folds)
Occurs in 25% of patients with atopic dermatitis

45
Q

Benign dry rough patches / tiny bumps found on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks or buttocks that are NOT painful or itchy is known as

A

Keratosis Pilaris

46
Q

First line pharmacologic therapy for atopic dermatitis is

A

Topical corticosteroids

47
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis

A

Type IV - delayed (cell mediated)

48
Q

Urticaria and angioedema are caused by

A

mast cell deregulation in the skin

49
Q

there are many causes of urticaria and angioedema some examples include

A
  • VIRAL infections
  • Foods/drugs
  • Latex
  • Serum sickness
  • Autoimmunity
50
Q

Treatment of urticaria/angioedema is

A

2nd generation H1 antihistamines; Cetirizine is first line

51
Q

Cetirizine dose to tx urticaria / angioedema in a pt:
6mo-2yrs

A

2.5 mg

52
Q

Cetirizine dose to tx urticaria / angioedema in a pt:
2y-5y

A

5 mg

53
Q

Cetirizine dose to tx urticaria / angioedema in a pt:
6y-12y

A

5-10 mg

54
Q

Cetirizine dose to tx urticaria / angioedema in a pt:
> 12 yrs

A

10 mg

55
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is serum sickness

A

Type III - immune complex

56
Q

rash, fever, and polyarthralgias or poly arthritis that begin 1-2 wks after the 1st exposure and resolve within a few weeks of discontinuation is cardinal features of

A

Serum sickness

57
Q

Anaphylactic reactions are what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type I - IgE mediated reaction

58
Q

Medical management of anaphylaxis includes

A

Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IM repeat q 20 mins prn

59
Q

medication allergies can occur within

A

1 hour and up to 72 hrs from the last dose

60
Q

The most frequent cause of medication allergies are

A

Antibiotics (amoxicillin, bacterium, and ampicillin)

61
Q

Treatment of insect bites includes

A
  • Local therapy with cool compress, steroids, NSAIDs, and antihistamine cream
  • Epinephrine if needed
  • IV antihistamines / corticosteroids if needed
62
Q

Complications of insect allergies includes

A

Anaphylaxis

63
Q

food allergies can occur

A

minutes up to four hours after ingestion

Pediatrics (3 decks)

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