Exam 4; Psych, GI, endo, random Flashcards
The ASQ-3 (ages and stages questionnaire) is used for what ages?
1mo-5.5yrs
ADD/ADHD is predominant in
Boys
What psych condition is characterized by
- Diminished sustained attention
- Increased impulsivity and hyperactivity
ADD / ADHD
Etiology of ADD/ADHD
- Largely genetic at ~75%
- Foods contributing to hyperactivity (sugar/colorings/preservatives)
- Developmental factors (premature birth/infections while in womb/perinatal insult to brain/being born in September)
- Psychosocial (chronic abuse, neglect, maltreatment)
T/F: Most children with ADHD demonstrate structural damage in the CNS?
FALSE - there is no structural damage
These are some features of what psych condition?
- finishing tasks rapidly but they are incomplete
- unable to wait to be called on/ interrupt in class
- impulsivity and inability to delay gratification
- may show aggression or defiance
ADD/ADHD
what is the first symptom to remit in ADD/ADHD?
Overactivity
What is the last symptom to remit in ADD/ADHD?
Distractibility
What is the first line of treatment in a school aged child with ADD/ADHD?
STIMULANTS (dopamine agonists)
- Methylphenidate (Ritillin)
- Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (adderall)
What are adverse effects of stimulants?
- Elevated BP and pulse
- Weight changes
- Stunted growth
what is first line treatment of a child 3-5, not in school, with ADD/ADHD?
Behavioral therapy!
in healthy people adderall and ritillin do what?
Serve as performance enhancers
Name three behavior disorders…
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Conduct disorder
What TWO behavior disorders CAN co-exist at the SAME TIME?
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and conduct disorder
Severe, developmentally inappropriate, and recurrent temper outbursts at least 3x per week and persistent irritable/angry mood in between outbursts is suggestive of
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
What are the three types of oppositional defiant disorder?
- Angry/irritable mood (lose temper easily)
- Argumentative / defiant behavior (pattern of arguing with authority)
- Vindictiveness (spiteful actions at least twice in 6 mo)
These are some features of what psych condition?
- Mistrust (feels everyone is against them)
- Hostile and negative behavior towards authority figures
- Inability to take responsibility for mistakes AND places blame on others
- *Difficulty in classroom and with peer relationships
- Generally do not report to physical aggression or destructive behavior
Oppositional defiant disorder
Tx for oppositional defiant disorder includes
- Dealing with the child’s trust issues
- Family intervention / parenting training
- Cognitive therapy
Dx of oppositional defiant disorder includes the following behaviors outside the expected range of normal
- Arguing with adults
- Loss of temper
- Chronic anger
- Resentful
- Active defiance against requests or rules
Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the rights of others OR major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated is suggestive of
Conduct disorder
In pts with conductive disorder, they typically have behaviors in the following four categories
- Physical aggression / threats to others
- Destruction of their OWN property
- Theft or acts of deficit
- Frequent violation of age appropriate rules
What behavior disorder has a HIGH RISK for incarceration?
Conduct disorder
when is anxiety considered a disorder?
- when it is overwhelming, disrupting life, persistent, and interferes with functioning
Dx of panic disorders
- Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 mo of persistent concern abt having another panic attack OR significant behavioral change related to the attacks
Tx for anxiety / panic disorders includes
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- SSRIs (Zoloft or lexapro)
What disorders are the MOST IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR for youth suicide
MOOD DISORDERS
Sad or irritable mood or diminished interest/pleasure, associated with significant distress or impairment in function that represents a CHANGE from previous functioning is suggestive of
Depression
Loss of interest and enthusiasm in play, socializing, school, unusual activities, or loss of pleasure is termed
Anhedonia
Tearfulness, sad, dowturned expression, anger, irritability, unhappiness is termed as
Dysphoric mood
Self-harming thoughts or statements, thoughts of disaster, abandonment, death or suicide is termed
Morbid ideation
Changes in sleep or appetite patterns, difficulty concentrating, bodily complaints such as headache or stomachache is termed as
Somatic symptoms
Tx of depression includes
- psychotherapy
- SSRIs
When is autism typically relevant
in the second year of life
Approximately 1/3 of children meeting the criteria for autism spectrum disorder also exhibit
intellectual disability
Two persistent deficits of autism spectrum disorder include:
- Deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
T/F: children with autism spectrum disorder have increased serotonin levels
TRUE
Autism spectrum disorder tool used in toddlers is called
M-Chat-R/F
Screening tool for autism in toddlers and young children (STAT) looks at what four things
- Social interaction
- Communication
- Play
- Imaginative use of materials
Children with autism spectrum disorder and an IQ of what number have the best prognosis?
IQ of >70
What are the most prevalent co-existing conditions with autism spectrum disorder?
- Sleep problems
- Feeding/limited diet
- GI issues
Tx for autism spectrum disorder includes?
INTENSE behavioral therapy
What is a rare, non-inherited genetic POSTnatal neurological disorder that OCCURS ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN GIRLS and leads to severe impairments in every aspect of life?
Rett syndrome
The hallmark of Rett syndrome is
Near constant repetitive hand movement s while awake
Loss of acquired purposeful hand skills in children with Rett syndrome happens at age
5-30 months
What subset of autism spectrum disorder has no language delay but deficits in social and communication skills?
Asperger’s syndrome
Two disorders that are subsets of autism spectrum include
- Rett syndrome
- Asperger’s disorder
How is intellectual disability characterized?
Characterized as significant limitations in
1. Intellectual function (reasoning, learning, problem solving)
2. Adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and skills)
all of which MUST emerge before 18 yrs
