- Largely genetic at ~75% - Foods contributing to hyperactivity (sugar/colorings/preservatives) - Developmental factors (premature birth/infections while in womb/perinatal insult to brain/being born in September) - Psychosocial (chronic abuse, neglect, maltreatment)

Exam 4; Psych, GI, endo, random Flashcards by Addie Gardner

The ASQ-3 (ages and stages questionnaire) is used for what ages?

1mo-5.5yrs

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ADD/ADHD is predominant in

Boys

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What psych condition is characterized by
- Diminished sustained attention
- Increased impulsivity and hyperactivity

ADD / ADHD

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Etiology of ADD/ADHD

Largely genetic at ~75%
Foods contributing to hyperactivity (sugar/colorings/preservatives)
Developmental factors (premature birth/infections while in womb/perinatal insult to brain/being born in September)
Psychosocial (chronic abuse, neglect, maltreatment)

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T/F: Most children with ADHD demonstrate structural damage in the CNS?

FALSE - there is no structural damage

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These are some features of what psych condition?
- finishing tasks rapidly but they are incomplete
- unable to wait to be called on/ interrupt in class
- impulsivity and inability to delay gratification
- may show aggression or defiance

ADD/ADHD

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what is the first symptom to remit in ADD/ADHD?

Overactivity

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What is the last symptom to remit in ADD/ADHD?

Distractibility

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What is the first line of treatment in a school aged child with ADD/ADHD?

STIMULANTS (dopamine agonists)
- Methylphenidate (Ritillin)
- Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (adderall)

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What are adverse effects of stimulants?

Elevated BP and pulse
Weight changes
Stunted growth

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what is first line treatment of a child 3-5, not in school, with ADD/ADHD?

Behavioral therapy!

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in healthy people adderall and ritillin do what?

Serve as performance enhancers

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Name three behavior disorders…

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder

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What TWO behavior disorders CAN co-exist at the SAME TIME?

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and conduct disorder

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Severe, developmentally inappropriate, and recurrent temper outbursts at least 3x per week and persistent irritable/angry mood in between outbursts is suggestive of

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

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What are the three types of oppositional defiant disorder?

Angry/irritable mood (lose temper easily)
Argumentative / defiant behavior (pattern of arguing with authority)
Vindictiveness (spiteful actions at least twice in 6 mo)

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These are some features of what psych condition?
- Mistrust (feels everyone is against them)
- Hostile and negative behavior towards authority figures
- Inability to take responsibility for mistakes AND places blame on others
- *Difficulty in classroom and with peer relationships
- Generally do not report to physical aggression or destructive behavior

Oppositional defiant disorder

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Tx for oppositional defiant disorder includes

Dealing with the child’s trust issues
Family intervention / parenting training
Cognitive therapy

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Dx of oppositional defiant disorder includes the following behaviors outside the expected range of normal

Arguing with adults
Loss of temper
Chronic anger
Resentful
Active defiance against requests or rules

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the rights of others OR major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated is suggestive of

Conduct disorder

In pts with conductive disorder, they typically have behaviors in the following four categories

Physical aggression / threats to others
Destruction of their OWN property
Theft or acts of deficit
Frequent violation of age appropriate rules

What behavior disorder has a HIGH RISK for incarceration?

Conduct disorder

when is anxiety considered a disorder?

when it is overwhelming, disrupting life, persistent, and interferes with functioning

Dx of panic disorders

Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 mo of persistent concern abt having another panic attack OR significant behavioral change related to the attacks

Tx for anxiety / panic disorders includes

- Cognitive behavioral therapy - SSRIs (Zoloft or lexapro)

What disorders are the MOST IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR for youth suicide

MOOD DISORDERS

Sad or irritable mood or diminished interest/pleasure, associated with significant distress or impairment in function that represents a CHANGE from previous functioning is suggestive of

Depression

Loss of interest and enthusiasm in play, socializing, school, unusual activities, or loss of pleasure is termed

Anhedonia

Tearfulness, sad, dowturned expression, anger, irritability, unhappiness is termed as

Dysphoric mood

Self-harming thoughts or statements, thoughts of disaster, abandonment, death or suicide is termed

Morbid ideation

Changes in sleep or appetite patterns, difficulty concentrating, bodily complaints such as headache or stomachache is termed as

Somatic symptoms

Tx of depression includes

- psychotherapy - SSRIs

When is autism typically relevant

in the second year of life

Approximately 1/3 of children meeting the criteria for autism spectrum disorder also exhibit

intellectual disability

Two persistent deficits of autism spectrum disorder include:

1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts 2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

T/F: children with autism spectrum disorder have increased serotonin levels

TRUE

Autism spectrum disorder tool used in toddlers is called

M-Chat-R/F

Screening tool for autism in toddlers and young children (STAT) looks at what four things

- Social interaction - Communication - Play - Imaginative use of materials

Children with autism spectrum disorder and an IQ of what number have the best prognosis?

IQ of >70

What are the most prevalent co-existing conditions with autism spectrum disorder?

- Sleep problems - Feeding/limited diet - GI issues

Tx for autism spectrum disorder includes?

INTENSE behavioral therapy

What is a rare, non-inherited genetic POSTnatal neurological disorder that OCCURS ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN GIRLS and leads to severe impairments in every aspect of life?

Rett syndrome

The hallmark of Rett syndrome is

Near constant repetitive hand movement s while awake

Loss of acquired purposeful hand skills in children with Rett syndrome happens at age

5-30 months

What subset of autism spectrum disorder has no language delay but deficits in social and communication skills?

Asperger's syndrome

Two disorders that are subsets of autism spectrum include

- Rett syndrome - Asperger's disorder

How is intellectual disability characterized?

Characterized as significant limitations in 1. Intellectual function (reasoning, learning, problem solving) 2. Adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and skills) all of which MUST emerge before 18 yrs