Peds Exam 03 Flashcards
• Specific immunizations recommended for pre-teens (11-12 years) based on CDC Chart (10)
- Tdap,
- HPV,
- Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine,
- Influenza,
- Pneumococcal Vaccine,
- Hep A series,
- Hep B series,
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine,
- MMR Series,
- Varicella
What type of disease is Rubeola/Measles?
What are symptoms of it?
Virus
Signs: Koplik’s spots appear 2 days before rash, Fever, Malaise
What type of disease is mumps?
What are signs of it? (5)
Paramysovirus
Signs: Fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, followed by parotitis
What type of disease is Roseola?
What are signs?
Human Herpes Virus Type 6
Signs: Persistent high fever for 3~4 days; otherwise appears well. After fever subsides, rash appears.
What causes whooping cough?
Symptoms of it?
It’s caused b a bacterium
Signs: Short rapid coughs folloed by crowing or “whoop” sound
Complications: Pneumonia (usual cause of death)
Contraindicated in people who have seizures
What causes Rubella/German Measles?
How is it transmitted?
What’s the greatest danger of this?
Agent: Rubella virus
Transmitted by direct/indirect contact with article freshly contaminated with nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, stool, or urine
Complications: rare; greatest danger is teratogenic effect on fetus
What causes Chickenpox/Varicella?
What’s the period of communicability?
What is the source of varicella?
Agent: Varicella zoster virus
Period Communicability: 1 day prior lesion eruption to 6 days after 1st crop vesicles when crusts formed
Source: skin lesions (scabs are not infectious), primary secretions of resp tract infected individuals
What is a Live Vaccine?
•Live vaccine
–vaccine that contains a “living” virus that is able to give and produce immunity, usually without causing illness (virus is weakened or attenuated)
–Example MMR, Chickenpox, Oral Polio
What is Killed Virus Vaccine?
•Killed virus vaccine
–preparations of the normal (wild type) infectious, pathogenic virus that has been rendered non-pathogenic, usually by chemical treatment such as with formalin, thus virus is dead but still capable of stimulation immune response to produce antibodies
–Example inactivated polio, diphtheria
What is the incubation period?
•Incubation period is the time between exposure and appearance of signs and symptoms. The child may be contagious during this period of time.
What are some contraindications to immunizations?
- Moderate to severe acute illness
- Severe febrile illness
•Live vaccines in child (or sibling) with altered immune system
- Allergic reaction to previously administered vaccine
- Pregnancy
- Recent steroid use
- Recent passive acquired immunity
- Allergy to substance in vaccine
–Hepatitis B: allergic reaction to baker’s yeast
–MMR: allergy to neomycin
What are Vaccine reactions?
Expected?
Severe?
Expected (common & can be localized or systemic)
- Low grade fever, irritability, pain at injection site
- Antipyretics no longer recommended or used routinely pre/post immunization. Current EBP suggests this may interfere with immune response.
Severe
- Anaphylaxis (urticaria, resp distress/arrest)
- Encephalopathy (high pitched screaming, seizures)
What Congenital heart defects lead to increased pulmonary blood flow?
VSD
ASD
PDA
What’s the most common congenital heart defecet?
VSD
20~60% thought to close spontaneously within the first year
What medication is given to close PDA?
Prostaglandin inhibitors (Indomethacin)
