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I & E 2 > Peds CV disorders > Flashcards

Peds CV disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial septal defect- Eti

A
  • Shunting of blood between atrium
  • Ostium secundum most common
  • F>M
  • Sporadic defect
  • Low pressure- Left to right shunt
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2
Q

Atrial septal defect- Sx

A
  • Fixed, split S2
  • RV heave
  • Exercise intolerance, fatigueablilty, heart failure
  • Diastolic murmur
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3
Q

Atrial septal defect- Dx

A
  • Echo with doppler
  • ECG- left axis deviation
  • Xray- cardiomegaly
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4
Q

Atrial septal defect- Tx

A
  • Transcatheter closure
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5
Q

Ventricular septal defect- Eti

A
  • Most common congenital heart malformation (30%)
  • 85% are small, hemodynamically insignificant
  • 50% close by 2 yo
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6
Q

Ventricular septal defect- Sx

A
  • Large L>R shunt = dyspena, diaphoresis & fatigue
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Increased pulm/ vast resistance
  • Cyanosis
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7
Q

Ventricular septal defect- Dx

A
  • Echo- estimation of pressure difference
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8
Q

Ventricular septal defect- Tx

A
  • Diuretics

- Surgery

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9
Q

AV septal defect- Eti

A
  • Fusion of embryonic endocardial cushions

- Down syndrome

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10
Q

AV septal defect- Sx

A 
- Often asymptomatic 
Failure to thrive
- Tachypnea, diaphoresis with feeding
- Pulm HTN
- Recurrent pneumonia
- Systolic murmur- soft, sound benign
- Pulm component of S2
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11
Q

AV septal defect- Dx

A
  • Echo- Rt sided volume overload
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12
Q

AV septal defect- Tx

A

Surgery- within first month of life

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13
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus- Eto

A
  • Higher in altitudes > 10,000 ft
  • F>M
  • Persistence of normal fetal vessel joining pulm artery & aorta
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14
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus- Sx

A
  • Bounding pulses with widened pulse pressure
  • Rough machinery murmur at 2nd ICS, radiates into anterior lung fields
  • Commonly asymptomatic
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15
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus- Dx

A

Echo

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16
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus- Tx

A

Surgical closure

17
Q

Correction of aorta- Eti

A
  • Narrowing of aortic arch in proximal descending aorta
  • F>M
  • Turner syndrome
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
18
Q

Correction of aorta- Sx

A
  • Absent femoral pulses
  • BP > 15 mmHg between arms & legs
  • Systolic murmur
19
Q

Correction of aorta- Dx

A

Echo with doppler

20
Q

Correction of aorta- Tx

A
  • Balloon angioplasty
21
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot- Eti

A
  • Anterior deviation of infundibular septum

-

22
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot- Eti

A
  • Anterior deviation of infundibular septum
  • Chromosome deletion
  • Ventricular septal defect with RV hypertrophy
23
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot- Sx

A
  • Hypoxemic spells, cyanosis
  • Rt sided aortic arch
  • Systolic ejection murmur
  • Tet spells: sudden cyanosis, dyspnea, altered consciousness, decreased murmur
24
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot- Dx

A

Echo- thick RV wall, overriding aorta

25
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot- Tx

A

Open heart surgery

26
Q

Transposition of great arteries- Eti

A
  • Cyanotic congenital heart disease

- M>F

27
Q

Transposition of great arteries- Sx

A
  • Large neonate

- Profoundly cyanotic w/o resp distress

28
Q

Transposition of great arteries- Dx

A

Echo

29
Q

Transposition of great arteries- Tx

A
  • Arterial switch operation
30
Q

Transposition of great arteries- Tx

A
  • Arterial switch operation
31
Q

Rheumatic fever- Eti

A
  • 1:100,000
  • Group A beta hemolytic strept
  • Immune response to streptococcal antigens
  • 5-15 yrs
32
Q

Rheumatic fever- Eti

A
  • 1:100,000
  • Group A beta hemolytic strept
  • Immune response to streptococcal antigens
  • 5-15 yrs
  • Girls
  • African american
33
Q

Rheumatic fever- Sx

A
  • Clear evidence of preceding strept infection
  • Jones criteria- two major or 1 maj, 1 min:
  • Maj: carditis, polyarthritis, sydenham chorea, erythema marginatum, nodules
  • Minor: Prev hx, polyarthralgia, fever, Elevated ESR, CRP
34
Q

Rheumatic fever- Sx/Dx

A
  • Clear evidence of preceding strept infection

- Jones criteria-

35
Q

Jones criteria:

A

Two major or 1 maj, 1 min:

  • Maj: carditis, polyarthritis, sydenham chorea, erythema marginatum, nodules
  • Minor: Prev hx, polyarthralgia, fever, Elevated ESR, CRP
36
Q

Rheumatic fever- Tx

A

Penicillin

- Sulfadiazine if allergic

I & E 2 (8 decks)

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