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$$MS3 > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

MC cause of bell’s palsy in kids?

A

Reactivation of HSV

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2
Q

What other symps of juvenile ideopathic arthritis do you see besides arthritis?

A

Uveitis/spindle shaped finger joints/high spiking fever and rash

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3
Q

Symps of S aureus scalded skin disease?

A

Tender skin/rash/desquamation/positive Nikolsky sign

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4
Q

How should the wound of human bite be healed?

A

2nd intention (leave it open)

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5
Q

How does pityriasis rosea present? tx?

A

Start with herald patch (oval patch) - then diffuse rash (christmas tree pattern on the back)
Usually self-limited

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6
Q

How does seborrheic dermatitis present in kids and tx?

A

Greasy/scaly rash on the scalp

Emollient/nonmedicated shampoo

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7
Q

What other symps would you see with Henoch-Scholein Purpura besides petechiae/kidney?

A

GI symps like colicky abd pain/melena

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8
Q

What is Blount disease?

A

Bowleg (genu varum) over age of 2

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9
Q

When does neonatal acne occur?

A

within 2 to 4 weeks of birth (due to maternal hormone)

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10
Q

How does neonatal scabies present?

A

Pustules/can be all over the body

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11
Q

Presentation of atopic dermatitis in kids and tx?

A

On extensor surface of arm/leg/neck

Topical emollient/steroid

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12
Q

Tx of lice for infants?

A

Permetherin cream

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13
Q

When does TB meningitis affect kids?

A

6 mo to 4 yr

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14
Q

Persistent ear discharge, hearing loss on a child. What is it and what causes it?

A

Cholesteatoma (over growth of keratinized epithelium in middle ear
Cause by repeated otitis media (acquired) or congenital

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15
Q

When does umbilical cord separate itself?

A

by 2 weeks

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16
Q

Antidote for clonidine overdose?

A

Narcan

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17
Q

Difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

A

Heat exhaustion is precursor of heat stroke

Heat stroke pt has AMS

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18
Q

What does inappropriate dilute formula would cause to the baby?

A

Hyponatremia leading to seizure

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19
Q

Yellow white pustule, contain eosinophils on a neonate

A

Erythema toxicum

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20
Q

Spotchy red rash that gets worse when crying or exercise

A

Salmon patch

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21
Q

Small raised white dots on neonate

A

Milia

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22
Q

Cold, white patch after exposure to cold/swollen corner of mouth after exposure to cold

A

Frostnip (precursor to frostbite)

Cold panniculitis

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23
Q

6 year old boy with a painless limp

A

Legg Calve Perthes disease

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24
Q

When should N acetylcystein be given to acetaminophen overdose pt?

A

Within 8 hours of ingestion

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25
Q

Difference in presentation between Kawasaki and Scarlet Fever

A

Strawberry tongue for both
Kawasaki: rash that includes palm and sole/cervical LAD
Scarlet Fever: rash that exclude palm and sole

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26
Q

Toddler with painless hematochezia, what is it?

A

Meckel’s

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27
Q

MC causes of neonatal meningitis <7 days of birth, tx?

A

GBS and E.Coli

Ampi and gent

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28
Q

What does iron overdoes cause?

A

GI symp/hematemesis/metabolic acidosis

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29
Q

Recurrent Giardis infx?

A

Think IgA deficiency—>XLA

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30
Q

What birth defects does PO retinoid cause?

A

Micro/anotia/CNS abnormality and many more

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31
Q

Neonate scalp rash + skeletal defect, think?

A

Langerhans cells histiocytosis

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32
Q

What causes atopic dermatitis (aka eczema)?

A

Hypersensitive reaction to common environmental irritant

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33
Q

What symp does neonatal lupus (from mother) present?

A

Heart block that can be irreversible

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34
Q

How would you decrease the chance of premie getting necrotizing enteroclitis?

A

Breastfeed

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35
Q

What supplement do SS pt need?

A

Folate for making more RBCs

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36
Q

What test can be used for DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Intradermal injection of Candida shown no response

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37
Q

Factor that would increase free unconjugated bilirubin

A

Hypoalbuminemia

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38
Q

When do you give varicella vaccine to the newborn baby?

A

If mother is diagnosed with chicken pox within 5 days before delivery and 2 days after delivery

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39
Q

How to differentiate maternal from baby Hgb?

A

Apt-Downey test

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40
Q

Baby born from DM mother experience ___ right after birth and then might also experience ___ after 48 hours

A

Hypoglycemia/hypocalcemia

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41
Q

Abd pain/scrotal swelling/purpura

A

Henoch Scholein Purpura

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42
Q

Presentation of HUS?

A

Bloody diarrhea/acute renal failure/hemolysis/thrombocytopenia

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43
Q

Kid comes in resp. distress, drooling, sit up and lean forward, what is it?

A

Epiglottitis

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44
Q

Cold baby after delivery causes?

A

Tachypnea

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45
Q

What might a fractured clavicle form?

A

A mass (callus) on the shoulder

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46
Q

What is cephalohematoma that crosses the midline, is it serious?

A

Subgaleal hemorrhage

Yes, needs to be in ICU

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47
Q

Mother with preeclampsia might delivery a baby with ____ and ____

A

Hypoglycemia and polycythemia

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48
Q

Do Mongolian spots eventually go away?

A

Yes about 1-2 years

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49
Q

Can you give propranolol to a pregnant woman?

A

NO

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50
Q

What complications would IDM pt present? (one pul one GI)

A

RDS/small left colon syndrome

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51
Q

What test is used to test for complement deficiency?

A

CH50 assay

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52
Q

Recurrent abscess formation, which immunodeficiency? and what tests are used to detect it?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

Nitroblue/dihydrorhodamine 123

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53
Q

What is used to tx gonococcal conjunctivitis of neonate?

A

IV or IM ceftriaxone

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54
Q

What cardiac defect is associated with DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Truncus arteriosis

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55
Q

What does goat milk lack as a nutritional source for neonate?

A

Folate and iron

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56
Q

What complication does neonate with cleft lip and palate have?

A

recurrent otitis media and hearing loss

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57
Q

Neonate: distended abd, umbilical hernia, poor feeding, hoarse cry, what is it?

A

Congenital hypothryodism

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58
Q

What complication can transient tachypnea of the new born have?

A

Persistent pul HTN

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59
Q

What does congenital syphilis present?

A

Snuffles (rhinitis) and peeling rash

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60
Q

Black baby with polydactyl, concern?

A

NAH, white baby would be concerned though

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61
Q

What is Central Hypoventilation syndrome?

A

Respiratory arrest during sleep

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62
Q

Baby on day 2 has jaundice and generalized purpuric rash, what is it?

A

Neonatal sepsis

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63
Q

New born with bilious vomiting, what is it? and dx?

A

Midgut volvulus

Upper GI series is diagnostics

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64
Q

Complications of oligohydraminos

A

Potter’s sequence (facies deformaties)/pul hypoplasia

b/l renal agensis

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65
Q

Diagnostic critieria for bacterial sinusitis

A

Persistent sinusitis over 10 days
Fever >39
URI with then worsening symp

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66
Q

Sandpaper like rash, pharyngitis, desquamation of the skin later, what is it?

A

Scarlet fever

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67
Q

Cyanosis within 24 hours of life, loud single S2 (no P2)

A

Transposition of the great vessels

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68
Q

Recurrent skin and periodontal infection, lack of purulence, increased neutrophils

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

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69
Q

What are the causes of nonbilious vomitting?

A

TE fistula/pyloric stenosis

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70
Q

Pt ingested a lot of pills, causing widen QRS and arrhythmia, what are the pills?

A

TCA

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71
Q

When should you start restrict calories for a child with congenital hypercholesterolemia?

A

Start at age 2

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72
Q

How does kawasaki present?

A

Rash that include the palm and sole/peeling from finger tips

Nonpurulent conjunctivitis/increase platelet

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73
Q

Infant with congenital heart defect comes in with low grade fever, lethargy, weight loss, suspect what?

A

Infectious endocarditis

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74
Q

Situs inversus, nasal polyps and chronic sinopul infx, what is it?

A

Kartenager

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75
Q

What to do if an newborn’s HR drops to 60?

A

chest compression

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76
Q

Vesicles on posterior oropharynx, pharyngitis, fever on a young child

A

Herpangina (Coxsackie A)

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77
Q

Tx for minimal change disease?

A

steroid

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78
Q

Why is there a murmur in tetralogy of fallot and why does squatting helps with cyanosis?

A

Murmur comes from right ventricular outflow obstruction and squatting increases systemic vascular resistance, promote more blood going into the lungs and lessens right outflow obstruction

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79
Q

What syndrome is associated with Hirschsprung disease?

A

Down syndrome

80
Q

1 month old infant presents with jaundice, poor feeding and lethargy, temp 95. What should you suspect?

A

Sepsis

Infant usually have fever or hypothermia (<96)

81
Q

What 3 disease that causes rash that exclude palm and soles?

A

Scarlett fever, Rubella and measles

82
Q

What syndrome is asssociated with Hirschsprung disease?

A

Down syndrome

83
Q

Which leukemia tests positive for PAS, TdT, and auer rod?

A

PAS and TdT - ALL

Auer rod - AML

84
Q

Presentation of Edward syndrome

A

Trisomy 18 - overlapping fingers, undersized jaw, rock bottom feet, VSD

85
Q

Difference in presentation between orbital and periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis?

A

Orbital cellulitis - infection posterior of orbital septum/affect vision
Periorbital cellulite - infection anterior of orbital septum/does not affect vision

86
Q

What is and how does serum sickness reaction happen?

A

1 week after penicillin or sulfa drugs

Presents with fever, hive, poly arthritis

87
Q

What tests are used to confirm lead poisoning?

A

Finger prick first then with venous lead measurement

88
Q

MC cause of congenital aplastic anemia?

A

Fanconi anemia

89
Q

Symps associated with DiGeorge syndrome?

A 
CATCH
Cardiac (truncus arteriosus)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
90
Q

What characteristics do you see for muconium ileus?

A

Obstruction at the level of ileum
Viscous muconium
Micro colon

91
Q

MC cardiac defect of Down Syndrome

A

Complete AV septal defect (ASD/VSD/common AV vale)

92
Q

What do you hear for Ebstein anomaly? and what syndrome does it associated with?

A

S1/S2/S3 and or S4

WPW

93
Q

Age of functional asplenia in SS children?

94
Q

Timeline for gonococcal and chlamydia infection of the newborn

A

Purulent eye discharge from day 2-5 days - Gonococcal

5-14 days - Chlamydia

95
Q

What gross motor skill does a 18 mo old have?

96
Q

When dose symps appear for newborn with coarction of aorta?

A

After day 3 when the ductus arteriosus is closed

97
Q

What to use to treat lyme disease for a kid under 8?

A

Amoxicillin

98
Q

When do kids get RSV bronchiolitis?

A

Under 2 year old

99
Q

Tx for tinea captis and corporis?

A

PO antifungal like griseofulvin

Topical antifungal like clotrimazole

100
Q

What murmur do you hear from Tetralogy of fallot and hypoplastic left heart syndrome pt?

A

Harsh, systolic murmur at left upper sternal boarder/single S2
And no murmur can be heard

101
Q

Are cyanosis of hand and feet normal in a newborn?

102
Q

What cardiac problem does IDM pt?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

103
Q

MC complication of pt with SS trait?

104
Q

MC predisposing factor of orbital cellulitis?

A

Bacterial sinusitis

105
Q

What does too much cow milk do to little kid?

A

Constipation/iron deficiency anemia

106
Q

Follicular conjunctivitis and neovasculazation of the eye

107
Q

Do you see any constitutional symps with osteosarcoma?

108
Q

When do you need to do renal u/s on kids?

A

Recurrent febrile UTI or febrile UTI under 2 year old

109
Q

What does the white reflex of retinoblastoma called?

A

Leukocoria

110
Q

What is the RDW of iron deficiency anemia?

111
Q

What does McCune-Albright syndrome present?

A

Three Ps
Precocious puberty
Pigmentation
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (bone defect)

112
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter syndrome?

A

Traction apophysitis

113
Q

What is the pathological finding of the live in Reye syndrome?

A

Microvaacular fatty infiltrate and mitochondria dysfunction

114
Q

When do you take out the balls for androgen insensitive syndrome girls?

A

After puberty

115
Q

Difference between XLA and common variable immunodeficiency?

A

XLA has decreased B cells and CVI has normal B cell count

116
Q

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, widened mediastinum, what is it?

A

ALL (blast >25%)

117
Q

What is the relationship between ferritin and TIBC?

A

They are always reversed

118
Q

What else can predispose necrotizing enteroclitis?

A

Congenital heart disease—>GI hypoperfusion

Enteral feeding

119
Q

Pathophysiology of acute chest syndrome of SS?

A

No blood going to the lungs

120
Q

B/l lower extremity pain, mainly at night, everything else is normal, kid is from 2-12 year old

A

Growing pain

121
Q

What else can predispose necrotizing enteroclitis?

A

Congenital heart disease—>GI hypoperfusion

122
Q

What is the male Turner syndrome and what cardiac defect does it have?

A

Noonan Syndrome

Pulmonic stenosis

123
Q

What cardiac defect do you see in pt with Ehlers-Danlo syndrome?

124
Q

Tx for prolonged QT syndrome?

A

beta blocker and pacemaker

125
Q

Tx for impetigo?

A

Topical mupirocin

126
Q

IDM infant with breathing difficulty, normal CXR, what test to order and what causes it?

A

Phrenic nerve injury from being a big baby

Chest u/s would reveal elevated hemidiaphragm

127
Q

Complete white out on one side of the lung on CXR, what are you thinking?

128
Q

Kid with recurrent cough/dyspnea/hemoptysis what are you thinking?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

129
Q

Lethal complication of staph pneumonia

A

tension pneumothorax

130
Q

A couple of days of croup symps and then spiking fever with increase resp. difficulty, what is it?

A

Bacterial tracheitis

131
Q

What is the #1 priority in kids with epiglottitis?

A

Secure airway

132
Q

What does congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation cause?

A

Cyst in the lung—>pul hypoplasia—>push the heart to the other side
resp. distress

133
Q

A 4 week old baby with afebrile pneumonia, what organism?

134
Q

Tx progression for asthma pt from mild to moderate to worst

A

Short acting beta agonist—>add inhaled steroid—>add long acting beta agonist

135
Q

Would you hypo or hyperventilate during tension pneumothorax?

A

Hypoventilation

136
Q

Kids with chronic night time abd pain and GI bleed, what is it?

137
Q

What is the MC cause of malrotation?

A

Malposition of cecum

138
Q

Characteristics of ulcerative colitis

A

In colon with continual lesion/p-ANCA/bloody diarrhea/toxic megacolon/lead pipe

139
Q

A 3 year old with chronic constipation without encopresis, think?

A

Hirschsprung disease

140
Q

CF pt with fever, jaundice, n/v and RUQ pain

141
Q

Tx for baby with GERD that has is ASX?

A

Small feeds and thicken the formula

142
Q

Diarrhea, abd pain and weight lost, think what chronic GI disease?

A

Crohn’s disease

143
Q

Test for lactose intolerance, and what is the pH of that of the stool?

A

Hydrogen breath test

acidic

144
Q

What is definition obstructive jaundice?

A

direct bilirubin greater than 20% of total bilirubin

145
Q

What kind of inguinal hernia does premie baby most often present, and what is its cause?

A

Indirect

Incomplete closure of processus vaginalis

146
Q

Vitamin C deficiency manifestation in children?

A

Diffuse tenderness especially in legs

147
Q

Preferred dx for GERD in infant?

A

Esophageal pH probe

148
Q

tx for female children with fused labia minora?

A

Topical estrogen

149
Q

What is prune belly syndrome?

A

in boys/Lax/wrinkled belly/undecented testes/club feet/volvulus

150
Q

Kids with hematemesis and hematuria, suspect?

A

Goodpasture

151
Q

Kids with lung problem (dyspnea) and liver problem, suspect?

A

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

152
Q

Young child presents with chronic large urine output/thirst despite fluid restriction, suspect?

A

Congenital central nephrogenic DI

153
Q

How are VUR managed?

A

Grade I/II — low dose daily abx

Grade V —- surgical reimplantation

154
Q

Kid with pyelonephritis with prolonged fever, CT showed renal wedge shaped infarction, what is it and what’s the tx?

A

Acute lobar nephronia

Prolonged abx tx

155
Q

What does orchiopexy prevent in children with cryptorcidism?

A

Testicular torsion

It does not reduce cancer (too bad)

156
Q

The etiology and presentation of renal vein thrombosis in newborn?

A

IDM/polycythemia

Presents with hematuria/enlarged kidney

157
Q

Pathophysiology of pul edema and HTN in acute glomerulonephritis kids?

A

Oliguria causes retention of fluid – restrict fluid

Acute HTN is common in glomerulonephritis kids

158
Q

Tx for HUS?

A

Supportive

Abx might worsens the symp

159
Q

Etiology and presentation of vulvovaginitis in children?

A

Dysuria/foul discharge

Caused by tight clothing/bubble bath

160
Q

“bag of worm” above a testicle, suspect

A

Varicocele (dilation of spermatic vein)

161
Q

When dose hydrocele normal go away in a neonate?

162
Q

What is the electrolyte abnormality in Bartter Syndrome?

A

Hypokalemia

163
Q

How does death occur with Reye syndrome?

A

Cerebral edema and herniation

164
Q

Kid with AMS and fever, suspect?

A

Meningitis

Do LP

165
Q

What is the tx for newborn who’s exposed to pertussis?

A

Regardless of the immune status of the mother

give the newborn erythromycin

166
Q

Normal appearing kid with high fever 104, left shift WBC (increase band), what is it?

A

Pneumococcal bacteremia

167
Q

How does dacryocystitis present?

A

Infxn of nasolacrimal sac
Welling near the punctum and drainage
self-limiting

168
Q

How long does the rubella rash usually last

169
Q

What is rabies post exposure ppx?

A

Ig and vaccines

170
Q

What kinds of infxn you wouldnt see in XLA pts?

A

Viral or fungal

171
Q

What is the IgA/E/M level in Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome?

A

decrease IgM/increase IgA/E low T-cells

172
Q

What to do with pt with SS that has a stroke?

A

Urgent blood transfusion

173
Q

See increased HbA2 and anemia?

A

Beta-thal minor

174
Q

infxn every 3 weeks, what is it and tx?

A

Cyclic neutropenia

rhG-CSF

175
Q

When do you see spherocytes in blood smear?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis/G6PD deficiency/ABO incompatibility

176
Q

What factor is increased in DIC?

A

Fibrin split products

177
Q

A young child presents with painless LAD and a mediastinal mass, what cancer should you be thinking?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

178
Q

How does hereditary spherocytosis present at birth and later in life?

A

Anemia/hyperbilirubinemia

Gallstone

179
Q

Erlenmeyer flask bone deformity, what is it?

A

Gaucher disease

180
Q

What is a worrisome complication of neonatal thyrotoxicosis?

A

Heart failure

181
Q

How galactosemia present on neonate?

A

Cataracts/jaundice/E. coli sepsis

182
Q

What would the bone age/height age/chronological age be for a kid with constitutional short statue?

A

Bone = height age

both smaller than chronological age

183
Q

What are the physical deformities/Ca and PO4 level of pseudohypoparathyrodisim?

A

Shortened 4th and 5th digits
Short statue
low Ca/high PO4

184
Q

What is the Ca/PO4 level in rickets pt?

A

Normal/low

185
Q

What does aldosterone’s affect on electrolytes?

A

Increase reabsorption of Na and increase excretion of potassium

186
Q

What are the presentation of homocystinuria?

A

Downward lens subluxuation/ marfanoid habitus/stroke/MI

187
Q

TB meningitis has similar findings on CSF fluid with what other infection?

188
Q

Kids with cardiac defect develop sudden CNS symps, what is it?

A

brain abscess

189
Q

MC type of brain tumors for kids under 1, 1-10 and above 10?

A

Supratentorial <1
Infratentiorial 1-10
Supratentiorial >1

190
Q

What is the first symptom of botulinum in newborn?

A

Constipation

191
Q

Guillain-Barre finding on CSF?

A

Isolated elevation of protein

192
Q

DMD has characteristics of Gower sign and what else?

A

Increased lordosis

193
Q

Return to play concussion grades?

A

Grade 1 - no LOC, return to baseline <15mins - return to play
Grade 2 - no LOC, confusion, return to baseline >15mins - no games for a week
Grade 3 - LOC - immediate hospital visit

194
Q

Lift balls relieve pain, what is it?

A

Epididymitis

195
Q

18 year old girl with painful lower abd, tender adnexal mass, what is it?

A

Tubo ovarian abscess - PID

196
Q

Two scenarios:
Painless ulcer followed by draining LAD
Painful ulcer with draining LAD

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Chancroid

197
Q

What is skier’s thumb?

A

ulnar collateral ligment tear when you fall on outstretched hand with the ski pole underneath your thumb

$$MS3 (8 decks)

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