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NCLEX > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

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1
Q

Assessment of a child with intussuption

A

Colicky abdominal pain that causes the child to scream and draw the knees to the Abdomen
Vomiting of gastric contents
Bile stained fecal emesis
Current jelly like stools containing blood and mucus
Hypo active or hyperactive bowel sounds
Tender distended abdomen possible with a palpable sausage shaped mass in the URQ

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2
Q

What is PKU

A

Genetic disorder - autosomal recessive
Results in CNS damage from toxic levels of phenylalanine in the blood

Levels greater than 20 mg/dL (normal - 1.2-3.4)

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3
Q

Pku assessment symptoms in young children

A

Digestive problems and vomiting
Seizures
Musty odour of the urine
Mental retardation

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4
Q

PKU symptoms in older children

A

Eczema
Hypertonic
Hypo pigmentation of the hair skin and irises
Hyperactive behaviour

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5
Q

Before testing during infancy the infant will have been started on what

A

Bottle feeding or breast milk

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6
Q

What if the first test is positive

A

Repeat test
And further diagnostics
1- @ 48hrs
2 @ 14 days of age

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7
Q

What if the child has a definitive diagnosis

A

Restrict phenylalanine intake high protein foods - meat and dairy products
Avoid aspartame as there is a high concentration of phenylalanine

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8
Q

What is sickle cell anemia

A

Hemoglobin A is partially or completely replaced with hemoglobin s

The inheritance of a gene for structurally abnormal portion of the hemoglobin chain

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for sickle cell anemia

A

Having parents heterozygous for hemoglobin S or being African American descent

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10
Q

What is the screening test used for sickle cell

A

Sickle turbidity test - finger stick blood and yields accurate results in 3 minutes

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11
Q

What happens if the sickledex test is positive

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis is necessary to distinguish between children with the trait and those with the disease

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12
Q

What is hemoglobin S sensitive to

A

Changes in the oxygen content of the red blood cell

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13
Q

What are the precipitating factors of sickling

A

Fever
Dehydration
Emotional or physical stress
Any condition that increases the need for oxygen or alters the transport of oxygen can result in a crisis

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14
Q

What is sickle cell crisis

A

Acute exacerbations of the disease
Varied in severity and frequency
- vaso-occlusive crisis, splenic sequestration, hyperhemolytic crisis and aplastic crisis

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15
Q

Cause of vaso-occlusive crisis

A

Stasis of blood with clumping of cells in the microcirculation ischemia and infarction

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16
Q

Symptoms of Vaso-occlusive crisis

A

Fever

Painful swelling of hands feet and joints and abdominal pain

17
Q

Hat is splenic sequestration caused by

A

Pooling and clumping of blood in the spleen hypersplenism

18
Q

Symptoms of splenic sequestration

A

Profound anemia,hypovolemic and shock

19
Q

Causes of hyperhemolytic crisis

A

An accelerated rate of red blood cell destruction.

20
Q

Signs of hyperhemolytic crisis

A

Anemia
Jaundice
Reticulocytosis

21
Q

What is aplastic crisis caused by

A

Diminished production and increased destruction of RBCs triggered by a viral infection or depletion of folic acid

22
Q

Symptoms of aplastic crisis

A

Profound anemia and pallor

23
Q

What is aplastic anemia

A

Deficiency of circulating erythrocytes and all other formed element of blood resulting from the arrested development of cells within the bone marrow

Primary at birth or secondary which is acquired

24
Q

How do you diagnosis aplastic anemia

A

Bone marrow aspiration _ shows conversion of red bone marrow to fatty bone marrow

25
Q

What is the therapeutic management aimed at for aplastic anemia

A

Restoring function to the bone marrow
Immunosuppressive therapy
Bon marrow transplant

26
Q

Assessment symptoms of aplastic anemia

A

Pancytopenia - deficiency of erythrocytes leukocytes and thrombocytes
Petechia purpura bleeding pallor weakness tachycardia and fatigue

27
Q

What is pernicious anemia

A

Results from deficiency of intrinsic factor necessary for intestinal absorption of vitamins b 12

28
Q

What can cause pernicious anemia

A

Gastric disease

Surgery

29
Q

What is intussuption

A

Telescoping of one portion of the bowel into another portion
Results in obstruction to the passage of intestinal contents

NCLEX (10 decks)

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