Peds

Question 1

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer 1

Infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Mimics the common cold. Severe- can lead to pneumonia or bronchitis. Contact precautions. Palivizumab for prevention in high risk children. SnS- URI, nasal discharge, fever, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, tachypnea, retraction/wheezing. Tx- antipyretics, O2, Albuterol, suction, fluids

Question 2

Kawasaki disease

Answer 2

Aka mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome b/c it also affects lymph nodes, skin, and mucus membranes inside the mouth, nose and throat. Inflammation in walls of medium sized arteries, including coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. SnS- high fever, peeling skin

Question 3

Wilms tumor

Answer 3

Kidney tumor. Age 3-4 mostly under 5.

Question 4

Strabismus

Answer 4

Crossed eyes. Congenital or weakness in one eye. Patch the Normal eye. Amblyopia- visual loss in affected eye if left untreated by age 4-6 years

Question 5

Rotavirus

Answer 5

Spread thru fecal oral route. Main cause of diarrhea in children under 5 yrs. hydration.

Question 6

Chronic hypoxia with HF

Answer 6

Polycythemia- inc RBCs > blood thick. Hydration to keep blood thin. No room for platelets> thrombocytopenia. Clubbing. Poor growth and dev. Squatting.

Question 7

Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer 7

Congenital anomaly known as aganglionic (no nerves) mega colon that results in a mechanical obstruction (sigmoid). SnS- constipation, abd distention, ribbon stools w/ foul smell. Surgery

Question 8

Celiacs disease

Answer 8

Gluten intolerance. Can’t have BROW- barley, rye, oats, wheat. Can have RCS- rice, corn, soy.

Question 9

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 9

Projectile vomiting usually after feeding. Olive shaped mass near umbilicus. Hydration, InO, daily wt, specific gravity. Surgery.

Question 10

Pin worms

Answer 10

Hand to mouth. Tape test for diagnosis on rectum early in morning. SnS- rectal itching. Tx- mebendazole (vermox)

Question 11

Impetigo

Answer 11

Streptococcal or staphylococcal contagious skin infection. Usually on face. Can develop glomerulonephritis secondary to strep infection

Question 12

Idiopathic hypopituitarism

Answer 12

Delicate features, height retarded due to lack of growth hormone, sexual dev delayed, inc insulin sensitivity and premature aging common

Question 13

Lead poisoning

Answer 13

SnS- anemia, hearing impairment, distractibility, irritability, sleepiness, n/v, abd pain, inc ICP. Tx- chelation

Question 14

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 14

Acyanotic defect. Left side stronger. Opening in between left and right ventricle (septum). Left side shooting blood into right side> inc blood volume on right side >Ride sided HF. May spontaneously close first year of life. Murmur.

Question 15

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 15

Acyanotic defect. Narrowing of aorta which makes it harder for the LV to pump so may end up with left sided heart failure. Big diff in BP and pulses of upper and lower extremities. Upper much greater than lower. Tx- surgery or angioplasty

Question 16

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 16

Acyanotic defect. Duct is open in fetus b/c lungs are collapsed. After delivery supposed to close but remains open. Blood flows from LA> LV> aorta> pulm artery (instead of the body). Inc workload on the left side. May be asymptomatic; may be HF. Machinery like murmur. Tx- indomethacin (indocin) (prostaglandin inhibitor) will close PDA. Maybe surgery

Question 17

Transposition of great vessels

Answer 17

Pulm artery and aorta have switched places. Pulm Artery goes to left side. Aorta goes to right side. Baby is cyanotic at birth but alive (some other defect). If not dx till older> dec growth, poor feeding. Tx- surgery

Question 18

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 18

Ventricular septal defect, stenosis of Pulm artery, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy. May be cyanotic at birth. Murmur. Blue spells/tet spells (during crying, after feeding, during BM). Risk for sudden death, seizures. Older children- squatting, clubbing, poor growth, exercise intolerance. Tx- surgery