Conditions newborn Flashcards
Apgar score
Normal 7-10. Assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Telangiectatic nevi
“Stork bites”. Cluster of small, flat, red localized areas of capillary dilation; usually fade during infancy
Fontanels close
Posterior fontanel- 6-8 wks after birth. Anterior fontanel- by 18 months. If slightly elevated indicates inc ICP.
Moro reflex
Baby is startled and extends extremities. Disappears by 3-4 months
PKU (phenylketonuria)
Birth defect that causes amino acid build up in the body. Lacking enzyme necessary to convert phen to tyrosine. If tested before 48 hrs old. Test again in two weeks. Diet- veggies, fruits, juice, low protein bread and cereal. High protein food such as meat and dairy products are eliminated. Offer lofenalac (low in phenylalanine but contains minerals and vitamins required by the infant)
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophy of pylorus symptoms at age 3-5 wks. Postprandial projectile vomiting followed by hunger (hungry vomiter); wt loss, dehydration, elyte imbalance (metabolic alkalosis). Ck parents feeding technique, weight.
Spina bifida (myelomeningocele)
Protect sack. Prone position. Cover sack with a moist sterile normal saline dressing so it won’t dry out waiting for surgery.
Babinski reflex
Stroke bottom of foot. Normal up to 1 year. Abnormal in adult (plantar reflex or curling of toes). Can mean a severe problem in the central nervous system (tumor/lesion on the brain or spinal cord, MS, Lou Gehrig’s disease, meningitis)
Cerebral palsy
Earliest indication is delayed gross motor dev. Signs- stiff or rigid arms or legs, arching back, floppy or limp body posture, poor head control after 3 mo, can’t sit without support by 8 mo, uses only one side of the body or only the arms to crawl
Normal after birth
Resp 30-60 with apneic episodes. Crying causes inc ICP> fontanel bulge. Normal HR 120-160. Acrocyanosis (blue extremities) normal for 2-6 hrs
