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OBGYN, PSYCH, PEDS > Peds 1 > Flashcards

Peds 1 Flashcards

1
Q

perianal pruritus and erythema, vulvar eyrthema

A

pinworm (helminth), tx with albendazole or pyrantel pamoate

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2
Q

is atrophic glossiitis present in many nutriend deficiencies?

A

yes

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3
Q

when this nutriend is low, you get macrocytic anemia, glossitis, neuropyshc sx (paresthesias, depression)

A

B12

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4
Q

4 causes of Pellagra

A

Alcohol, Anorexia, GI malabsorption (Crohns) and Low Dietary Intake

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5
Q

This syndrome can result in coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, horseshoe kidney and streak ovaries with amenorrhea and infertility

A

turners

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6
Q

FTT, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, hypoglycemia

A

galactosemis

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7
Q

bruising, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, petechia, mucosal bleeding

A

ALL, can impact platelet function in addition to causing anemia and neutropenia

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8
Q

prevention and tx or gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

prevention = erythromycin eye ointment, tx = IM ceftriazone or cefotaxime

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9
Q

what 4 clinical findings can be found on all congenital infections?

A

intrauterine growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, blueberry muffin spots

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10
Q

periventricular calcifications

A

CMV

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11
Q

diffuse intracerebral calcifications

A

toxo

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12
Q

rhinorrhea (snuffles) abnormal long-bone radiographs (metaphyseal lucencies), rash

A

syphillis

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13
Q

this type of newborn jaundice is due to suboptimal breastfeeding

A

breastfeeding jaundice

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14
Q

scabies tx

A

permethrin or oral ivermectin

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15
Q

on evaluation of a newborn’s head, you detect firm scalp swelling that does not cross the suture lines. What is it?

A

Cephalohematoma/ subperiosteal hemorrhage

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16
Q

1 day old with acute onset cyanosis and no response to oxygen

A

PDA-dependent congenital heart disease; given Prostaglandin E1 to keep open

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17
Q

5 types of PDA-dependent congenital heart disease

A 
Coarctation of the aorta
D-transposition of the great arteries
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Tricuspid atria
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18
Q

What facilitates PDA closure

A

indomethacin

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19
Q

pinworm tx

A

pyrantel pamoate or albendazole

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20
Q

workup for wilson disease

A

ceruloplasmin levels, 24 hr urinary copper excretion, ocular slit lamp examination

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21
Q

These two diseases present in 2-6 m.o. and result in hypotonia, feeding difficulties, loss of motor milestones and the children will have cherry-red macula

A

Niemann Pick and Tay Sachs

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22
Q

Unlike Tay Sachs, Niemann Pick presents with ____ and _____ and is the result of ______ deficiency

A

Niemann pick = hepatosplenomegaly, areflexia, Sphingomyelinase deficiencey

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23
Q

4 emergency contraception options

A

Copper IUD
Ulipristal pill
Levonorgestrel pill
OCPs

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24
Q

These 3 emergnecy contraception options delay ovulation

A

ulipristal, levonorgestrels, OCPs (all progestin derivatives)

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25
Q

4 causes of exudative effusions

A

Empyema
Chylothroax
Malignancy
Tuberculosis

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26
Q

organism in cellulitis of kid with SCD

A

salmonella

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27
Q

3 muscular dystrophies

A

Duchenne
Becker
Myotonic

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28
Q

These 2 muscular dystrophies are XLR

A

Duchenne and Becker

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29
Q

This muscular dystophie typically onsets 2-3 y.o., the youngest of all

A

Duchenne

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30
Q

This muscular dystrophy presents in 12-30 yo with fascial weakness, dysphagia, and hand grip myotonia

A

Myotonic

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31
Q 
The following meds can trigger hemolysis in \_\_\_\_\_:
Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone)
Isobutyl nitrite
Nitrofurantoin
Primaquine
Rasburicase
A

G6PD deficiency

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32
Q

Short, macules of varying colors, abnormal thumbs, GU abnormalities

A

Fanconi anemia (inherited DNA repair defect)

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33
Q

Is Fanconi anemia the most common congenital cause of aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)?

A

YES - AR disorder caused by a DNA repair defect

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34
Q

What are bleeding and bruising a sign of?

A

thrombocytopenia

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35
Q

macrocytic anemia, craniofacial anomalies, triphalangeal thumbs

A

diamond blackfan anemia

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36
Q

can anemia result in a flow murmur?

A

yes

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37
Q

eczema, thrombocytopnia, hypogammaglobulinemia

A

wiskott-aldrich syndrome - X-linked

38
Q

precocious puberty with nl bone age and isolated breast development

A

premature thelarche

39
Q

premature adrenarch

A

child with precocious pubic hair development and normal bone age

40
Q

Endocardial cushion defect, Umbilical hernia, Duodenal atresia, Alzheimers, and Hirschsprung

A

Downs Syndrome

41
Q

Child determine to have choanal atresia, what else to look for?

A 
CHARGE syndrome
Coloboma (missing eye tissue)
Heart defects
Atresia of choanea
Retardation of growth
Genital abnormalities
Ear abnormalities
42
Q

sx of pellagra (niacin deficiency)

A

Diarrhea, Dermatitis (like sunburn), Dementia (also depression, distraction), Death

43
Q

Causes of Bell Palsy

A

HSV and Lyme

44
Q

What does Hib vaccine protect against

A

epiglottitis, pneumonia, AOM, meningitis

45
Q

What is MCHC

A

meausre of Hg concentation in each RBC (decreased in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia; increased in hereditary spherocytosis)

46
Q

XLR, factor VIII deficiency, hemarthrosis

A

Hemophilia A

47
Q

purpura, arhtritis, abdominal pain, intussusception, renal disease, IgA mediation vasculitis

48
Q

impaired oxidative burst, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, infxn with catalase + bacteria (s. aureus, serratia)

A

chronic granulomatous disease

49
Q

hypocalcemia, cardiac defects, FTT, recurrent infections, thymic hypoplasia, dysmoprhic fascies

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

50
Q

impaired T cell development, severe recurrent viral, fungal and bacterial infections

A

Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency/ SCID

51
Q

absent lymphoid tissues, absent serum Ig, recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infections, no B cell development due to tyrosine kinase deficiency

A

x-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

52
Q

4 causes of bilious emesis

A

meconium ileus, hirschsprung, malrotation, duodenal atreisa

53
Q

bilious emesis, GI series with corkscrew

A

malrotation with midgut volvulus

54
Q

double bubble on XR

A

duodenal atresia

55
Q

bloody diarrhea followed by fatigue and pallor, labs indicate hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI

A

HUS due to shiga toxin

56
Q

recent skin or throat infection, now hematuria, HTN and AKI

57
Q

ADHD first line tx

A

STIMULANTSmethylphenidate, amphetatmines

58
Q

ADHD but doesn’t want a stimulant

A

atomextine, alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

59
Q

cause of croup

A

parainfluenza

60
Q

cause of epiglottitis

A

haemophilus influenza

61
Q

cause of bronchiolitis

62
Q

should children with SCD be given twice daily ppx penicillin up to age of 5 for protection against encapsulated organisms?

63
Q

vaccine for SCD

64
Q

high arches, cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, ataxia, AR with GAA repeats

A

friedreich ataxia

65
Q

recent salmonella or chlamydia infection followed by arthritis of lower extremities

A

reactive arthritis

66
Q

examples of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions

A

anaphylaxis and urticaria

67
Q

examples of T cell and macrophage mediation hypersensitivity reaction

A

contact dermatitis

Tuberculin skin reaction

68
Q

aspirin during viral infection, encephalopathy, acute liver failure with microvesicular steatosis, transaminitis, coagulopathy (elevated PT, INR and PRR), hyperammonemia

A

Reye syndrome

69
Q

age of onset gonococcal vs chlamydial conjunctivitis

A 
gonococcal = 2-5 days (tx is IM cephalopsporin)
Chalmydia = 5-14 days (tx if PO macrolide)
70
Q

turns blue and loss of consciousness with exercise, temper tantrums, crying

71
Q

gastrochisis vs omphalocele

A

omphalocele = sac

72
Q

omphalocele, macrosomia, macroglossia

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

73
Q

Is gastrochisis typically an isolated defect?

74
Q

periodid belly pain, sausage shaped mass RUQ, target sign on US, tx with air or contrast enema

A

intussusception

75
Q

rash of posterior auricular LAD

76
Q

high fever, cough, coryza, conjuncitinivits, rash

77
Q

what is a SGA baby at risk of

A

meconium aspiration, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypoxial, perinatal asphyxiation, hypocalcemia, plycythemia,

78
Q

children with SCD are at particular risk of sepsis with these 3 bugs

A

s. pneumo
h. influenza
n. meningitidis

79
Q

why are pt < 5 with SCD given ppx penicillin

A

protect against s. pneumo which can lead to spesis

80
Q

is a CT required prior to LP in a young child with open fontanelles during workup of suspected meningitis

A

nope, fontanelle is a pop-off valve allowing room for increased ICP

81
Q

these two immunodeficiencies present with absent lymphoid tissues

A

SCID and XLA

82
Q

these two immunodeficiencies prsent with recurrent sinopulmonary infxn and GI

A

XLA and CVID

83
Q

In contrast to XLA, CVID presents ___

A

less severe, at older age, and with nl T and B cell counts

84
Q

tx for XLA

85
Q

tx for SCID

A

stem cell transplant

86
Q

defective T cell deve

87
Q

defective B cell development

88
Q

isotonic solutions (NS) for volume resusciation?

A

YES, hypotonic can lead to electrolyte derangement and cerebral edema

89
Q

rx mgmt of primary noctural enuresis

A

desmopressin

90
Q

pH, glucose, and WBC that indicate complication bacterial invasion

A

pH < 7.2
Glucose < 60
WBC > 50,000

91
Q

RDS risk factors

A

prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, maternal diabetes, c-section w/o labor

92
Q

cholesteatoma

A

benign growth of squamous epithelium and accumulatino of keratin debris - seen as pearly white mass, may develop conductive hearing loss

OBGYN, PSYCH, PEDS (8 decks)

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