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ortho-pedo test > pedodontics > Flashcards

pedodontics Flashcards

1
Q

pediactric dentistry

A

specialized area of dentistry which focuses on providing oral healthcare according to the needs of infants, children, adolescents and individuals with special needs

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2
Q

emphasis of pediactric dentistry

A

prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment

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3
Q

oldest age a peds office will take

A

up to 19-20

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4
Q

how many extra years of schooling does a pediactric dentist need

A

2-3 years

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5
Q

3 types of ages

A

chronologic age
mental age
emotional age

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6
Q

chronologic age

A

child’s actual age

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7
Q

mental age

A

child level of intellectual capacity and development

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8
Q

emotional age

A

describes level of emotional maturity

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9
Q

eriksons stages of development

A

1) learning basic trust
2) learning autonomy
3) play age
4) school age
5) adolescence

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10
Q

Frankl scale, what the dental team must do

A

1) def neg: no treatment
2) neg: office will refuse treatment
3) pos: treatment will occur cautiously
4) def pos: enjoyment of treatment

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11
Q

what is the basis for peds dental healthcare

A

development of trust between parent/child and dentist

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12
Q

what procedural guidelines should be followed for peds procedures

A
  • be honest with the child
  • consider the child’s point of view
  • tell, show, do
  • give positive reinforcement
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13
Q

3 types of restraint used for a challenging peds patient

A

-mild or intravenous sedation
- physical restraint
- papoose board

parents MUST consent

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14
Q

papoose board

A

device that wraps around child’s arm legs and middle section during a procedure to restrain movement

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15
Q

intellectual disability

A

particular state of functioning begins in childhood, characterized by limitations in intelligence and in adaptive skills

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16
Q

4 degrees of impairment

A

mild (IQ 50-70)
moderate (IQ 35-55)
severe (IQ of 20-40)
profound (IQ below 20-25)

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17
Q

what is a secondary name for down syndrome

A

trisomy 21

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18
Q

dental implications of down syndrome

A
  • eruption may be delayed
  • teeth may be small and peg shaped
  • perio problems
  • malocclusion
  • not enough space for tongue
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19
Q

what “age” should address a patient with down syndrome

A

mental age

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20
Q

dental implications for an autistic patient

A
  • poor oral hygiene
  • risk for caries
  • risk for periodontal disease
  • may have xerostomia due to medications they take
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21
Q

two types of cerebral palsy

A
  • spasticity
  • athetosis
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22
Q

cerebral palsy

A

describes neural disorders cause by prenatal or postnatal brain damage before the nervous system has reached maturity

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23
Q

when should a child first go to the dentist

A

at the eruption of their first tooth or first birthday

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24
Q

what occurs in a child first dentist appointment

A

you collect info (med + dental history)
and allow child to feel comfortable in the chair

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25
Q

a pediactric clinical exam includes what 4 things

A
  • radiographs
  • extraoral exam
  • intraoral and soft tissue exam
  • exam and charting of teeth
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26
Q

extraoral examination

A

evaluates patients profile to determine skeletal characteristics

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27
Q

intraoral soft tissue examination

A

evaluates the gingiva and periodontitis through gingival score and periodontal plaque score

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28
Q

exam and charting of teeth

A

primary or mixed dentition examined with occlusion fir determining spacing and crowding of teeth

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29
Q

preventive dentistry goal for children

A

to communicate the importance of oral hygiene, fluoride use, diet, and preventative procedures

30
Q

oral hygiene for children

A

maintenance includes teaching and showing child how to brush and floss teeth and seeing the dentist at least 2 times a year

31
Q

what ages of child should have a daily fluoride intake

A

6 months to 16 years

32
Q

fluoride varnish

A

gel like substance dispensed at a dental office that is used to release fluoride on enamel and root structure

33
Q

sealants

A

placed over pits and fissures of teeth to prevent cavities in deep grooves if teeth

34
Q

orofacial development

A

looking into the the child bone structure to check for malocclusion or crowded or crooked teeth

35
Q

preventive orthodontics

A

prevent or eliminate irregularities and malpostions in developing dentofacial region

36
Q

interceptive orthodontics

A

intercede or correct problems as they develop

37
Q

what can you do to prevent dental sports injuries

A

wear helmet or mouth guard

38
Q

3 types of mouth guards used

A
  • commercial
  • mouth- formed protectors
  • custom- fitted vacuum formed guards
39
Q

what could you call a dental dam to sound better to a child

A

raincoat

40
Q

use of dental dam

A

isolation, moisture control and protects patient from dental material used in procedures

41
Q

why would pediactric patient tools be smaller

A

children have smaller mouths and so the child does not have to open as wide

42
Q

two types of matrix systems

A

T-band
Spot welder bands

43
Q

what matrix system is most commonly used on primary teeth

A

T-band

44
Q

pulp therapy

A

attempts to stimulate and preserve pulp al regeneration in primary teeth

45
Q

two factors that affect pulp health (negative way)

A

deep caries
traumatic injury

46
Q

pulp capping

A

use of a liner to promote pulpal health

47
Q

pulpotomy

A

complete removal of the coronal portion of dental pulp

48
Q

two types of medicaments for pulpotomy’s

A

Mineral trioxide aggregate
calcium hydroxide

49
Q

most common crown used in peds dentistry

A

stainless steel crowns

50
Q

stainless steel crown

A

used to cover decayed and endodontically treated teeth for a lower price

51
Q

4 reasons stainless steel is a good option

A
  • prepared and placed in one appt
  • durable and will last until perm dentition is erupting
  • usually tolerated by child’s gingiva
  • less expensive
52
Q

two types of crowns used in primary

A

pre trimmed
pre contoured

53
Q

pre trimmed crowns

A

straight sides but undergo festooning to follow a line parallel to gingival crest

54
Q

pre contoured crown

A

already festooned and contoured. though may require additional trimming

55
Q

long term consequences of dental trauma

A

tooth loss
discolouration

56
Q

most frequently injured teeth

A

maxillary central incisors

57
Q

how long might a dentist delay an anterior fracture restoration, why might they do this?

A

3-6 weeks to avoid further trauma and give pulp time to recover

58
Q

class one of fractures

A

simple fracture of the enamel and crown

59
Q

class two of fractures

A

extensive fracture of the enamel and dentin, including injury of the pulp

60
Q

class three of fractures

A

extensive fracture of the crown, exposing the pulp of the tooth

61
Q

class four of fractures

A

traumatized tooth, becomes non vital

62
Q

class 5 of fractures

A

tooth lost owing to trauma (avulsed)

63
Q

during recovery of a restoration a dentist would do the following

A

pulp capping
place an interim covering of resin material

64
Q

how long until an avulsed tooth be outside the mouth before it is non vital

A

30 mins - 1 hour

65
Q

how should you bring the avulsed tooth to the office

A

wrapped in a damp cloth and in either milk or patient saliva

66
Q

signs of child abuse or neglect

A
  • injuries at various stages of healing
  • repeated injuries
  • chipped tooth
  • scars on body or intraorally
  • bite marks
  • injuries are inconsistent with parents explanation
67
Q

fetal moulding

A

pressure applied to the jaw, causing distortion in the development

68
Q

avulsion

A

torn away or dislodged by force

69
Q

extrusion

A

displacement of a tooth FROM its socket usually by injury

70
Q

lateral luxation

A

dislocation laterally

71
Q

intrusion

A

displacement of a tooth INTO its socket usually by injury

72
Q

what two instruments are used to help seating the molar band

A

band plugger
bite stick

ortho-pedo test (2 decks)

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