pedodontics Flashcards
pediactric dentistry
specialized area of dentistry which focuses on providing oral healthcare according to the needs of infants, children, adolescents and individuals with special needs
emphasis of pediactric dentistry
prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment
oldest age a peds office will take
up to 19-20
how many extra years of schooling does a pediactric dentist need
2-3 years
3 types of ages
chronologic age
mental age
emotional age
chronologic age
child’s actual age
mental age
child level of intellectual capacity and development
emotional age
describes level of emotional maturity
eriksons stages of development
1) learning basic trust
2) learning autonomy
3) play age
4) school age
5) adolescence
Frankl scale, what the dental team must do
1) def neg: no treatment
2) neg: office will refuse treatment
3) pos: treatment will occur cautiously
4) def pos: enjoyment of treatment
what is the basis for peds dental healthcare
development of trust between parent/child and dentist
what procedural guidelines should be followed for peds procedures
- be honest with the child
- consider the child’s point of view
- tell, show, do
- give positive reinforcement
3 types of restraint used for a challenging peds patient
-mild or intravenous sedation
- physical restraint
- papoose board
parents MUST consent
papoose board
device that wraps around child’s arm legs and middle section during a procedure to restrain movement
intellectual disability
particular state of functioning begins in childhood, characterized by limitations in intelligence and in adaptive skills
4 degrees of impairment
mild (IQ 50-70)
moderate (IQ 35-55)
severe (IQ of 20-40)
profound (IQ below 20-25)
what is a secondary name for down syndrome
trisomy 21
dental implications of down syndrome
- eruption may be delayed
- teeth may be small and peg shaped
- perio problems
- malocclusion
- not enough space for tongue
what “age” should address a patient with down syndrome
mental age
dental implications for an autistic patient
- poor oral hygiene
- risk for caries
- risk for periodontal disease
- may have xerostomia due to medications they take
two types of cerebral palsy
- spasticity
- athetosis
cerebral palsy
describes neural disorders cause by prenatal or postnatal brain damage before the nervous system has reached maturity
when should a child first go to the dentist
at the eruption of their first tooth or first birthday
what occurs in a child first dentist appointment
you collect info (med + dental history)
and allow child to feel comfortable in the chair
a pediactric clinical exam includes what 4 things
- radiographs
- extraoral exam
- intraoral and soft tissue exam
- exam and charting of teeth
extraoral examination
evaluates patients profile to determine skeletal characteristics
intraoral soft tissue examination
evaluates the gingiva and periodontitis through gingival score and periodontal plaque score
exam and charting of teeth
primary or mixed dentition examined with occlusion fir determining spacing and crowding of teeth
preventive dentistry goal for children
to communicate the importance of oral hygiene, fluoride use, diet, and preventative procedures
oral hygiene for children
maintenance includes teaching and showing child how to brush and floss teeth and seeing the dentist at least 2 times a year
what ages of child should have a daily fluoride intake
6 months to 16 years
fluoride varnish
gel like substance dispensed at a dental office that is used to release fluoride on enamel and root structure
sealants
placed over pits and fissures of teeth to prevent cavities in deep grooves if teeth
orofacial development
looking into the the child bone structure to check for malocclusion or crowded or crooked teeth
preventive orthodontics
prevent or eliminate irregularities and malpostions in developing dentofacial region
interceptive orthodontics
intercede or correct problems as they develop
what can you do to prevent dental sports injuries
wear helmet or mouth guard
3 types of mouth guards used
- commercial
- mouth- formed protectors
- custom- fitted vacuum formed guards
what could you call a dental dam to sound better to a child
raincoat
use of dental dam
isolation, moisture control and protects patient from dental material used in procedures
why would pediactric patient tools be smaller
children have smaller mouths and so the child does not have to open as wide
two types of matrix systems
T-band
Spot welder bands
what matrix system is most commonly used on primary teeth
T-band
pulp therapy
attempts to stimulate and preserve pulp al regeneration in primary teeth
two factors that affect pulp health (negative way)
deep caries
traumatic injury
pulp capping
use of a liner to promote pulpal health
pulpotomy
complete removal of the coronal portion of dental pulp
two types of medicaments for pulpotomy’s
Mineral trioxide aggregate
calcium hydroxide
most common crown used in peds dentistry
stainless steel crowns
stainless steel crown
used to cover decayed and endodontically treated teeth for a lower price
4 reasons stainless steel is a good option
- prepared and placed in one appt
- durable and will last until perm dentition is erupting
- usually tolerated by child’s gingiva
- less expensive
two types of crowns used in primary
pre trimmed
pre contoured
pre trimmed crowns
straight sides but undergo festooning to follow a line parallel to gingival crest
pre contoured crown
already festooned and contoured. though may require additional trimming
long term consequences of dental trauma
tooth loss
discolouration
most frequently injured teeth
maxillary central incisors
how long might a dentist delay an anterior fracture restoration, why might they do this?
3-6 weeks to avoid further trauma and give pulp time to recover
class one of fractures
simple fracture of the enamel and crown
class two of fractures
extensive fracture of the enamel and dentin, including injury of the pulp
class three of fractures
extensive fracture of the crown, exposing the pulp of the tooth
class four of fractures
traumatized tooth, becomes non vital
class 5 of fractures
tooth lost owing to trauma (avulsed)
during recovery of a restoration a dentist would do the following
pulp capping
place an interim covering of resin material
how long until an avulsed tooth be outside the mouth before it is non vital
30 mins - 1 hour
how should you bring the avulsed tooth to the office
wrapped in a damp cloth and in either milk or patient saliva
signs of child abuse or neglect
- injuries at various stages of healing
- repeated injuries
- chipped tooth
- scars on body or intraorally
- bite marks
- injuries are inconsistent with parents explanation
fetal moulding
pressure applied to the jaw, causing distortion in the development
avulsion
torn away or dislodged by force
extrusion
displacement of a tooth FROM its socket usually by injury
lateral luxation
dislocation laterally
intrusion
displacement of a tooth INTO its socket usually by injury
what two instruments are used to help seating the molar band
band plugger
bite stick
