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orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

orthodontics

A

specialized branch of dentistry that diagnoses, prevents and treats dental and oral facial irregularities

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2
Q

ortho provides treatment….

A
  • straightens teeth that are rotated, tilted or properly aligned
  • corrects crowded or unevenly spaced teeth
  • correct bite problems
  • align upper and lower jaws
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3
Q

osteoblasts

A

builds bone

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

breaks down bone

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5
Q

ortho reduces adversity in what 3 areas?

A

psychosocial problems
oral malfunction
dental disease

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6
Q

psychosocial problems

A

severe malocclusion and dental facial
deformities can be a social handicap and can impact patient self esteem

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7
Q

oral malfunction

A

compromised oral function like chewing, talking and tmj pain

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8
Q

malocclusion in dental disease

A

malocclusion can contribute to dental decay and periodontal disease as well as an inability to control plaque

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9
Q

3 sections of patient care

A
  • obtain records and create private setting
  • take radiographs
  • provide clinic care at all stages of treatment
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10
Q

5 most common developmental disturbances

A
  • missing teeth
  • malformed teeth
  • supernumerary teeth
  • interference with eruption
  • ectopic eruption
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11
Q

genetic causes

A

possible discrepancies in size of jaw or size of teeth are evident like small jaw big teeth

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12
Q

environmental causes for ortho issues

A
  • birth injuries
  • fetal molding
  • trauma during birth
  • injury
  • bad dental habits
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13
Q

when should a thumb sucking habit be lost

A

when mixed dentition first arises the habit should be stopped

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14
Q

malocclusion

A

maxillary and mandibular teeth when closed don’t occlude properly

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15
Q

bad oral habits include….

A

tongue thrusting
tongue thrust swallowing
thumb/finger sucking
bruxism
mouthbreathing

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16
Q

what tooth is termed “key of occlusion”

A

maxillary first molar

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17
Q

crowding

A

most common one or more teeth involved in misplacement

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18
Q

overjet

A

excessive protrusion of max incisors,

causes space between facial surface of mand incisors and lingual surface of max incisors

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19
Q

overbite

A

increased vertical overlap of max incisors

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20
Q

open bite

A

lack of vertical overlap of max incisors

creates opening when teeth are closed

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21
Q

cross bite

A

tooth not properly aligned with opposing tooth

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22
Q

corrective orthodontics

A

conditions which require the movement of teeth and the correction of malrelationships and malformations

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23
Q

corrective orthodontics includes the following

A
  • fixed appliances
  • removable appliances
    orthographic surgery
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24
Q

a orthodontic clinical examination includes

A
  • evaluation of oral health
  • evaluation of jaw and occlusal function
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25
best type of x-rays for orthodontics
panoramic cephalometric
26
6 diagnostic records includes
- photographs - analysis of facial proportions - craniofacial images - cephalometric analysis - computed tomography - diagnostic casts
27
orthodontic treatment
refers to the use of fixed and removable appliances or a combination of the two types to mechanically move the teeth jaw
28
fixed appliances
aka braces combination of bands, brackets, arch wires and auxiliaries that can move the teeth in six directions
29
what 6 directions do braces move your teeth
- mesially - distally - lingually -facially -apically - occlusally
30
separators
tight interproximal contacts can make it impossible to possibly seat and band so these are used to create a space for them
31
two types of separators for posterior teeth
steel separating springs elastomeric separators
32
orthodontic bands
preformed stainless steel pans, fitted around the teeth and cemented into place usually on the first or second molar
33
fitting molar bands
Proceeded on tooth, my finger pressure from his your sister services brings the band closer to the height of marginal ridges
34
band pusher
used to see the band into place, mesio buccally, and distal lingually
35
what cement is used for ortho? why?
Glass ionomer because if it’s strength, and it releases fluoride to prevent decay under the band
36
Bonded brackets
most resourceful component of a fixed appliance
37
What foreign materials are reported brackets made of
stainless steel Titanium Ceramic Or a combination of these
38
Auxiliary attachments
Are attached to molar bands or single brackets
39
Four types of auxiliary attachments
Headgear tubes Edwis tubes Labial hooks Lingual arch attachment
40
ortho scaler
aids in bracket placement, removal of excess cement or bonding material
41
ligature director
guides the elastic or wire ligature tie around the bracket
42
band plugger
helps to seat a molar band
43
bite stick
helps to seat a molar band
44
beak pliers
forming and bending wires
45
howe 110 pliers
allows placement, removal and adjustment bends in the arch wire
46
pin + ligature cutter
cut the ligature wire once lighted around the band
47
bracket placement tweezers
carry and place the binder bracket around the tooth
48
band remover pliers
remove band without stress in the tooth
49
headgear tubes
round, placed on max first molar bands, used for insertion into f the inner bow of a face bow appliance
50
edgewise tubes
rectangular, placed gingival to plane of the main arch wire should be present in facial surfaces of upper and lower first molars to receive the arch wire
51
labial hooks
located in the facial surface of the 1st and 2nd molar bands and brackets for both arches
52
what do labial hold
interarch elastic
53
lingual arch attachment
a button or bracket th at is located on the lingual portion of the bands to stabilize the arch and reinforce anchorage and tooth movement
54
arch wire
pattern from which dental arch will take its shape
55
4 types of arch wire
Nickel titanium stainless steel wire beta titanium optiflex
56
nickel titanium arch wire
useful for movement dude to flexibility used during the initial stages for maligned and/or crowded teeth
57
stainless steel wire
stiffer and stronger used to apply greater force and better stability to control the teeth
58
what arch wire is referred to as “the working wire”
stainless steel wire
59
beta titanium arch wire
may be used when many bands need ti be placed due to its combination of strength, flexibility and memory
60
optiflex
made from composite material with a top coat of optical glass fibers most aesthetically pleasing
61
2 shapes of arch wires and when they are used
round wires: used during initial and intermediate stages of treatment square or rectangular wires: used during final stages of treatment
62
kobayashi hooks
ligature ties which are spot-welder at tip to form a hook for attachment of elastics
63
clear aligned treatment
vacuum formed clear aligner that is removable Invisalign is a brand
64
what 4 things must a dental assistant check for in adjustment visits
- broken it missing arch wires - loose brackets and missing band - loose, broken, or missing ligatures - loose, broken, or missing elastics
65
headgear
external orthopaedic device used to control growth and tooth movement
66
what 2 parts make up headgear
face bow traction device
67
face bow
portion of headgear that stabilizes or loves the maxillary first molar distal and to create more room in the arch
68
traction device
part of headgear that applies extra oral force needed to achieve desired treatment results
69
retention
control of tooth position and occlusal relationship after fixed appliances are removed
70
3 things retention is necessary for
1) allow gingival and periodontal tissues required time for reorganization 2) supports teeth that are in an unstable position 3) to control changes caused by growth
71
orthodontic positioner
a custom appliance that is made of rubber or pliable acrylic and fits over the patients dentition after orthodontic treatment
72
3 things an orthodontic positioner is designed for
1) retain the teeth in their desired position 2) permit the alveolus to rebuild support around the teeth before the patient wears the retainer 3) massage the gingiva
73
hawley retainer
removable retainer that is work to passively retain the teeth in their new position while still allowing some tooth movement
74
where is the hawley retainer placed
maxillary: placed over palate mandibular: placed over floor of the mouth
75
lingual retainer
fixed lingual canine ti canine retainer designed to be bonded to lingual surface

ortho-pedo test (2 decks)

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