orthodontics Flashcards
orthodontics
specialized branch of dentistry that diagnoses, prevents and treats dental and oral facial irregularities
ortho provides treatment….
- straightens teeth that are rotated, tilted or properly aligned
- corrects crowded or unevenly spaced teeth
- correct bite problems
- align upper and lower jaws
osteoblasts
builds bone
osteoclasts
breaks down bone
ortho reduces adversity in what 3 areas?
psychosocial problems
oral malfunction
dental disease
psychosocial problems
severe malocclusion and dental facial
deformities can be a social handicap and can impact patient self esteem
oral malfunction
compromised oral function like chewing, talking and tmj pain
malocclusion in dental disease
malocclusion can contribute to dental decay and periodontal disease as well as an inability to control plaque
3 sections of patient care
- obtain records and create private setting
- take radiographs
- provide clinic care at all stages of treatment
5 most common developmental disturbances
- missing teeth
- malformed teeth
- supernumerary teeth
- interference with eruption
- ectopic eruption
genetic causes
possible discrepancies in size of jaw or size of teeth are evident like small jaw big teeth
environmental causes for ortho issues
- birth injuries
- fetal molding
- trauma during birth
- injury
- bad dental habits
when should a thumb sucking habit be lost
when mixed dentition first arises the habit should be stopped
malocclusion
maxillary and mandibular teeth when closed don’t occlude properly
bad oral habits include….
tongue thrusting
tongue thrust swallowing
thumb/finger sucking
bruxism
mouthbreathing
what tooth is termed “key of occlusion”
maxillary first molar
crowding
most common one or more teeth involved in misplacement
overjet
excessive protrusion of max incisors,
causes space between facial surface of mand incisors and lingual surface of max incisors
overbite
increased vertical overlap of max incisors
open bite
lack of vertical overlap of max incisors
creates opening when teeth are closed
cross bite
tooth not properly aligned with opposing tooth
corrective orthodontics
conditions which require the movement of teeth and the correction of malrelationships and malformations
corrective orthodontics includes the following
- fixed appliances
- removable appliances
orthographic surgery
a orthodontic clinical examination includes
- evaluation of oral health
- evaluation of jaw and occlusal function
best type of x-rays for orthodontics
panoramic
cephalometric
6 diagnostic records includes
- photographs
- analysis of facial proportions
- craniofacial images
- cephalometric analysis
- computed tomography
- diagnostic casts
orthodontic treatment
refers to the use of fixed and removable appliances or a combination of the two types to mechanically move the teeth jaw
fixed appliances
aka braces
combination of bands, brackets, arch wires and auxiliaries that can move the teeth in six directions
what 6 directions do braces move your teeth
- mesially
- distally
- lingually
-facially
-apically - occlusally
separators
tight interproximal contacts can make it impossible to possibly seat and band so these are used to create a space for them
two types of separators for posterior teeth
steel separating springs
elastomeric separators
orthodontic bands
preformed stainless steel pans, fitted around the teeth and cemented into place usually on the first or second molar
fitting molar bands
Proceeded on tooth, my finger pressure from his your sister services brings the band closer to the height of marginal ridges
band pusher
used to see the band into place, mesio buccally, and distal lingually
what cement is used for ortho? why?
Glass ionomer
because if it’s strength, and it releases fluoride to prevent decay under the band
Bonded brackets
most resourceful component of a fixed appliance
What foreign materials are reported brackets made of
stainless steel
Titanium
Ceramic
Or a combination of these
Auxiliary attachments
Are attached to molar bands or single brackets
Four types of auxiliary attachments
Headgear tubes
Edwis tubes
Labial hooks
Lingual arch attachment
ortho scaler
aids in bracket placement, removal of excess cement or bonding material
ligature director
guides the elastic or wire ligature tie around the bracket
band plugger
helps to seat a molar band
bite stick
helps to seat a molar band
beak pliers
forming and bending wires
howe 110 pliers
allows placement, removal and adjustment bends in the arch wire
pin + ligature cutter
cut the ligature wire once lighted around the band
bracket placement tweezers
carry and place the binder bracket around the tooth
band remover pliers
remove band without stress in the tooth
headgear tubes
round, placed on max first molar bands, used for insertion into f the inner bow of a face bow appliance
edgewise tubes
rectangular, placed gingival to plane of the main arch wire
should be present in facial surfaces of upper and lower first molars to receive the arch wire
labial hooks
located in the facial surface of the 1st and 2nd molar bands and brackets for both arches
what do labial hold
interarch elastic
lingual arch attachment
a button or bracket th at is located on the lingual portion of the bands to stabilize the arch and reinforce anchorage and tooth movement
arch wire
pattern from which dental arch will take its shape
4 types of arch wire
Nickel titanium
stainless steel wire
beta titanium
optiflex
nickel titanium arch wire
useful for movement dude to flexibility
used during the initial stages for maligned and/or crowded teeth
stainless steel wire
stiffer and stronger used to apply greater force and better stability to control the teeth
what arch wire is referred to as “the working wire”
stainless steel wire
beta titanium arch wire
may be used when many bands need ti be placed due to its combination of strength, flexibility and memory
optiflex
made from composite material with a top coat of optical glass fibers
most aesthetically pleasing
2 shapes of arch wires and when they are used
round wires: used during initial and intermediate stages of treatment
square or rectangular wires: used during final stages of treatment
kobayashi hooks
ligature ties which are spot-welder at tip to form a hook for attachment of elastics
clear aligned treatment
vacuum formed clear aligner that is removable
Invisalign is a brand
what 4 things must a dental assistant check for in adjustment visits
- broken it missing arch wires
- loose brackets and missing band
- loose, broken, or missing ligatures
- loose, broken, or missing elastics
headgear
external orthopaedic device used to control growth and tooth movement
what 2 parts make up headgear
face bow
traction device
face bow
portion of headgear that stabilizes or loves the maxillary first molar distal and to create more room in the arch
traction device
part of headgear that applies extra oral force needed to achieve desired treatment results
retention
control of tooth position and occlusal relationship after fixed appliances are removed
3 things retention is necessary for
1) allow gingival and periodontal tissues required time for reorganization
2) supports teeth that are in an unstable position
3) to control changes caused by growth
orthodontic positioner
a custom appliance that is made of rubber or pliable acrylic and fits over the patients dentition after orthodontic treatment
3 things an orthodontic positioner is designed for
1) retain the teeth in their desired position
2) permit the alveolus to rebuild support around the teeth before the patient wears the retainer
3) massage the gingiva
hawley retainer
removable retainer that is work to passively retain the teeth in their new position while still allowing some tooth movement
where is the hawley retainer placed
maxillary: placed over palate
mandibular: placed over floor of the mouth
lingual retainer
fixed lingual canine ti canine retainer designed to be bonded to lingual surface
