Pedindo ajuda e fazendo convites Flashcards by MARCOS VINICIUS DOS SILVANO

What is the function of “one” in English grammar?

To replace a countable singular noun already mentioned to avoid repetition.

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What is the plural of “one” in this context?

Ones – used to replace plural countable nouns.

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Example: “Do you want the red apple or the green ___?”

One → … or the green one?

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Example: “I like these shoes, but I prefer the black ___.”

Ones → … I prefer the black ones.

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Translate: Você quer o copo azul ou o vermelho?

Do you want the blue cup or the red one?

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Translate: Esses sapatos são legais, mas eu gosto mais daqueles.

These shoes are nice, but I prefer those ones.

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Can we use “one” with uncountable nouns?

No — “one” is only for countable nouns.

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Can we say: “I want the milk one”?

❌ Incorrect — “milk” is uncountable. Use: I want the milk.

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What is the difference between “one” and “it”?

It = refere-se ao mesmo objeto específico.

One = refere-se a um objeto do mesmo tipo.

Ex: I’ll take it (aquele específico)
I’ll take one (qualquer um daquele tipo)

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Translate: Eu não quero essa caneta. Quero outra.

I don’t want this pen. I want another one.

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Translate: Ele quebrou os óculos dele e comprou novos.

He broke his glasses and bought new ones.

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How do we form negative sentences in the Present Simple?

Use do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t) + base verb
Ex: I don’t like coffee.

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Make negative: “She works on Sundays.”

She doesn’t work on Sundays.

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Complete: “They ___ (not live) here.”

They don’t live here.

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Translate: Eu não gosto de peixe.

I don’t like fish.

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Translate: Ele não estuda à noite.

He doesn’t study at night.

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Does the main verb change in negative sentences?

No. The verb stays in the base form.
Ex: He doesn’t eat meat.

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How do we make negative sentences with to be?

am not / is not (isn’t) / are not (aren’t)
Ex: She isn’t tired.

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Make negative: “They are happy.”

They aren’t happy.

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Translate: Eu não estou cansado.

I’m not tired.

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Translate: Ela não é médica.

She isn’t a doctor.

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How do we make negative sentences with “can”?

Use can’t or cannot + base verb
Ex: I can’t swim.

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Translate: Ela não pode dirigir.

She can’t drive.

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Translate: Eu não consigo te ouvir.

I can’t hear you.

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Complete: “He ___ (not play) the guitar.”

can’t play

What are adjectives?

Adjectives describe or give more information about a noun. Ex: a beautiful day, a big house

Where do adjectives usually go in English?

Before the noun Ex: a red car, a happy child

Translate: uma casa grande

a big house

Translate: um cachorro bravo

an angry dog

Translate: um carro novo

a new car

What’s the opposite of “big”?

Small

Translate: velho / novo

Old / New

Translate: quente / frio

Hot / Cold

Translate: fácil / difícil

Easy / Hard

Translate: limpo / sujo

Clean / Dirty

Translate: alto / baixo (pessoa)

Tall / Short

Translate: feliz / triste

Happy / Sad

How do we make comparative adjectives?

Add -er for short adjectives: tall → taller Use more for long adjectives: beautiful → more beautiful

Translate: Ele é mais alto que eu.

He is taller than me.

Translate: Essa prova foi mais difícil.

This test was harder.

Translate: Esse filme é mais interessante.

This movie is more interesting.

What is an indirect object in English?

It’s the person or thing that receives the result of the action. Ex: She gave him a gift. ("him" = indirect object)

Where does the indirect object usually go?

Antes do objeto direto: She gave me a book. Ou com “to/for”: She gave a book to me.

Translate: Ela me deu um presente.

She gave me a gift. (indirect = me, direct = a gift)

Translate: Ele contou uma história para nós.

He told us a story.

Translate: Eu escrevi uma carta para ela.

I wrote her a letter. Ou: I wrote a letter to her.

She sent a message to John. = ?

She sent John a message.

I bought a coffee for you. = ?

I bought you a coffee.

He made a cake for her. = ?

He made her a cake.

Can we always drop “to” or “for”?

Yes, if the indirect object comes before the direct object. Ex: She gave me a pen. ✅ But: She gave a pen me. ❌

Which one is correct? I sent him a photo. I sent a photo him.

I sent him a photo.

When do we use “it” as an impersonal subject?

When referring to weather, time, distance, or general situations. Ex: It’s raining. / It’s 5 PM. / It’s hard to say.

What is the subject in “It’s cold today”?

“It” — impersonal subject (refers to the weather)

Translate: Está chovendo.

It’s raining.

Translate: Está tarde.

It’s late.

Translate: É difícil entender isso.

It’s hard to understand that.

Translate: Está ensolarado.

It’s sunny.

Translate: São três horas.

It’s three o’clock.

Translate: Fica a 10 km daqui.

It’s 10 km from here.

When do we use “there” as a subject?

To say something exists or is present. Ex: There is a book on the table.

What is the structure of “there is / there are”?

There is + singular noun There are + plural noun

Translate: Há uma maçã na mesa.

There is an apple on the table.

Translate: Há muitos livros aqui.

There are many books here.

Translate: Não há nenhum problema.

There isn’t any problem.

Translate: Havia duas pessoas no carro.

There were two people in the car.

Can “there” be used in questions?

Yes. Ex: Is there a bathroom? / Are there any cookies?

When do we use "any"?

We use "any" in: Questions Negative sentences Ex: Do you have any sugar? / I don’t have any money.

“Any” é usado com substantivos contáveis ou incontáveis?

Com ambos: Contáveis (plural): any apples Incontáveis: any milk

Translate: Você tem algum amigo aqui?

Do you have any friends here?

Translate: Eu não tenho nenhum dinheiro.

I don’t have any money.

Translate: Tem alguma pergunta?

Are there any questions?

Translate: Ela não comprou nenhuma maçã.

She didn’t buy any apples.

What’s the difference between some and any?

Some = frases afirmativas Any = perguntas e negativas Ex: I have some friends. / Do you have any friends?

Use “some” or “any”: “Do you have ___ idea?”

any

Use “some” or “any”: “I bought ___ apples.”

some

Use “some” or “any”: “She doesn’t want ___ coffee.”

any

How do we make the negative form of "can"?

We use "cannot" or "can’t" (forma contraída). Ex: I cannot swim. = I can’t swim.

What does "can’t" mean?

"Can’t" means não pode ou não consegue. Ex: She can’t drive. = Ela não sabe dirigir.

Translate: Eu não posso ir hoje.

I can’t go today.

Translate: Ele não consegue ouvir você.

He can’t hear you.

Translate: Nós não podemos sair agora.

We can’t go out now.

Translate: Ela não pode falar francês.

She can’t speak French.

Qual a diferença entre “can” e “can’t”?

Can = pode Can’t = não pode Ex: He can swim. / He can’t swim.

Complete a frase: “They ___ come to the party.” (eles não podem)

can’t

"Can not" separado está certo?

Sim, mas "cannot" junto é mais comum. Ex: I cannot help you. "Can not" pode ser usado em casos específicos com ênfase.

How do you say "café da manhã" in English?

Breakfast

How do you say "almoço" in English?

Lunch

How do you say "jantar" in English?

Dinner

How do you say "lanche" in English?

Snack

How do you say "ceia" in English?

Supper (pouco usada nos EUA; mais comum em inglês britânico)

Translate: Eu tomo café da manhã às 7 da manhã.

I have breakfast at 7 a.m.

Translate: Nós almoçamos ao meio-dia.

We have lunch at noon.

Translate: Eles jantam às oito.

They have dinner at eight.

What is the verb used with meals?

Use have or eat: I have breakfast. She eats lunch.

Translate: Eu como um lanche à tarde.

I have a snack in the afternoon.

Translate: Eu não tomei café da manhã hoje.

I didn’t have breakfast today.

Translate: Você vai jantar conosco?

Are you going to have dinner with us?

What’s the difference between dinner and supper?

Both mean "jantar", mas dinner é mais comum. Supper é mais usado no inglês britânico ou em áreas rurais.

How do we talk about meals using the verb "to have"?

We use "have" to say we eat a meal. Ex: I have breakfast at 7 a.m.

Translate: Eu tomo café da manhã às 8h.

I have breakfast at 8 o’clock.

Translate: Ela almoça ao meio-dia.

She has lunch at noon.

"Have" ou "Eat"?

Ambos são corretos, mas "have" é mais comum ao falar de refeições: I have breakfast ✅ I eat breakfast ✅ (menos usado)

Como usar “have” no passado?

Use had: I had lunch at 1 p.m. = Almocei à 13h.

Translate: Ontem, eu tomei café da manhã tarde.

Yesterday, I had breakfast late.