Pedigrees, Karyotypes, Punnett Squares, and Genetic Inheritance Flashcards
Why is it more likely for males to have a sex-linked disease/trait
Because males have only one X chromosome so its more likely to get the trait than a female who has two X chromosomes.
Karyotype
an organized profile of a persons chromosomes
What are two things that a geneticists looks for to match up chromosomes in a karyotype?
Two chromosomes = specify sex
Arranged in Pairs = numbers 1-22
Why are some bands dark on chromosomes?
They are rich in base pairs Adenine and Thymine
47, XX, +21
How many chromosomes, Sex chromosomes (gender), What pair of chromosome the mutation is in
When chromosomes don’t separate correctly
nondisjunction
F.O.I.L
First, Outside, Inside, Last
P1
Parent Generation
F1
First offspring generation
F2
Second offspring generation
Offspring of parents with same traits
Purebred
Offspring of parents with different traits
Hybrid
Someone with the dominant allele who also carries the recessive allele.
Carrier
A number that indicates how likely an event is
Probability
What are Mendel’s principles
Fundamental Theory of Heredity
Principle of Dominance
Principle of Segregation
Principle of Independent Assortment
Incomplete Dominance
One allele is not completely dominant over another
RED+WHITE = PINK
Codominance
Phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed.
WHITE+BLACK = SPECKLED
Traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic
Sex-linked traits
Traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes.
Epigenetics
Changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code.
How were the genetic of some Dutch citizens affected during the Dutch Famine of 1944-1945
Certain genes in these people were silenced because of the famine
