DNA, Mutations, and Meiosis

Question 1

What are the Nitrogen Bases

Answer 1

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 2

DNA Replication happens in what phase

Answer 2

S

Question 3

Helicase

Answer 3

Unzips the DNA

Question 4

DNA Polymerase

Answer 4

Builds new strand

Question 5

Primase

Answer 5

Makes Primer

Question 6

Ligase

Answer 6

Glues fragments together

Question 7

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 7

• Sugar in RNA is a ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
• RNA is generally single stranded
• RNA contains uracil in place of thymine

Question 8

3 Types of RNA

Answer 8

• mRNA brings information from DNA out of nucleus
• rRNA makes up ribosomes
• tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes to be assembled into proteins

Question 9

Transcription

Answer 9

RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA and uses 1 strand as a template assembles a strand of mRNA to carry information out of the nucleus
Segments of DNA serves as a template to produce complementary RNA strands

Question 10

Translation

Answer 10

RNA leaves the nucleus and moves to ribosomes where rRNA reads the order of the base pairs as codons
Based on the order of the base pairs, tRNA brings in Amino Acids which are linked together into polypeptide chains which becomes proteins

Question 11

Substitution

Answer 11

1 or more bases are changed to a different base. Usually only affects 1 amino acid, sometimes has no effect

Question 12

Insertion

Answer 12

1 or more extra bases are added. Usually ahas a dramatic affect as it shifts the codons read during translation

Question 13

Deletion

Answer 13

1 or more bases re removed. Usually has a dramatic effect as it shifts the codons read during translation.

Question 14

1 parent
Offspring not genetically divers
simple, efficient and effective numbers
not as much variety and can’t adapt easily

Answer 14

Asexual

Question 15

2 parents
Offspring is genetically diverse
more variety change and adapts easier
not as fast needs a mate

Answer 15

Sexual

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

Process that creates genetically diverse haploids

Question 17

When does crossing over occur

Answer 17

Prophase 1+

Question 18

When are the chromosomes replicated

Answer 18

Interphase

Question 19

Makes new cells
1 parent cell=2 daughter cells
number of chromosomes in daughter cells stays the same as number of parent cells
Cytokinesis happens once

Answer 19

Mitosis

Question 20

Makes reproductive cells
1 parent cell=4 daughter cells
Number of chromosomes in daughter cell splits in half from the number of parent cells
Cytokinesis happens twice
non-clones

Answer 20

Meiosis

Question 21

Change in genetic material of a cell

Answer 21

Mutations

Question 22

Factors passed form parent to offspring

Answer 22

Gene

Question 23

Different form of gene

Answer 23

Allele

Question 24

sex cells

Answer 24

Gamete

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

When reproductive cells combine together to form 1 cell

Question 26

Exhibits 2 of 2 chromosomes

Answer 26

Diploid

Question 27

same genes

Answer 27

Homologous

Question 28

organisms that have 2 identical alleles

Answer 28

Homozygous

Question 29

organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same gene

Answer 29

Heterozygous

Question 30

Exhibits 1 of 2 chromosomes

Answer 30

Haploid

Question 31

Crossing Over

Answer 31

Homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids