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Nutrition Final > Pediatrition > Flashcards

Pediatrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neonate?

A

Birth - 30 days

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2
Q

What is an infant?

A

30 days - 1 year

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3
Q

What is a toddler?

A

1 year - 3 years

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4
Q

What is a child?

A

3 years - 12 years

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5
Q

What is an adolescent?

A

12 years - ?

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6
Q

What is a growth rate?

A

Weight per time (g/d or g/wk)

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7
Q

How does growth rate change as we age?

A

Slows down

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8
Q

What is the typical growth rate for a neonate?

A

20-30 g/day

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9
Q

How does fat percentage change based on age?

A

Fluctuates over time

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10
Q

How does protein percentage change based on age?

A

Increases over time

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11
Q

How does water percentage change based on time?

A

Decreases over time

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12
Q

How does fat percentage change for the composition of new growth based on age?

A

Decreases over time.

Important for neonatal and early infant period.

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13
Q

How does protein percentage change for the composition of new growth based on age?

A

Increases over time.

Important for toddlers.

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14
Q

How does water percentage for the composition of new growth based on age?

A

Typically increases over time

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15
Q

What is the organ that requires the most energy expenditure in a neonate?

A

The brain

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16
Q

What organ requires the most amount of fat in neonates?

A

The brain

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17
Q

What is basal metabolism?

A

Baseline energy used to sustain life

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18
Q

What is “energy use efficiency?”

A

How completely energy is used

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19
Q

How does growth affect energy expenditure?

A

Energy is needed to develop and grow

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20
Q

What is the metabolic response?

A

Energy needed to process intake

21
Q

How is physical activity involved in energy expenditure factors?

A

Energy used for motion

22
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

Energy used to maintain temperature

23
Q

How does hypothermia affect energy expenditure?

A

Normally caloric requirements are not changed b/c of slower processes and trying to maintain normal temperature; less energy is required.

24
Q

How does hyperthermia affect energy expenditure?

A

More energy required; all processes pick up (HR, RR, metabolism)

25
Q

How is energy expenditure changed in premature neonates?

A

Need more energy for stress and catch-up growth

26
Q

How is energy expenditure changed in infants and children?

A

Quick estimation of energy requirements.

1000 kcal/d plus 100kcal for each year over 1 year of age

27
Q

How is energy expenditure changed in adolescents?

A

Estimated 40 kcal/kg/d

28
Q

What is the Energy expenditure equation for birth to 2 years?

A

EER = (89W - 100 + GF)

29
Q

What is the energy expenditure equation for Boys aged 3-18 years?

A

EER = 88.5 - (61.9A) + PA(26.7W + 903H) + GF

30
Q

What is the energy expenditure equation for girls aged 3-18 years?

A

EER = 135.3 - (30.8A) + PA(10W + 934H) + GF

31
Q

As we get older, what happens to GF?

A

gets smaller as we get older

32
Q

What happens to the PA as you become more active?

A

The more active you are, the higher the PA factor

33
Q

What does GF stand for?

A

Growth factor

34
Q

What does PA stand for?

A

Physical activity factor

35
Q

How should energy expenditure relate to energy intake?

A

Energy expenditure should approximate energy intake in most scenarios

36
Q

To use the stress factor, what value must the PA factor be?

A

1

37
Q

How does the stress factor change as the patient becomes more stressed?

A

Increases

38
Q

What measurements are required first to use a stress factor?

A

Multiple baseline energy requirement.

39
Q

What are simple sugars?

A

Sucrose and Fructose

40
Q

What are some concerns about sucrose?

A

Predisposition to obesity.
Predisposition to insulin resistance.
Risk factor for dental caries.

41
Q

What are some concerns about fructose?

A

Slower brush border diffusion than glucose.
No stimulation of insulin secretion.
No enhancement or leptin production.
Easy conversion to hepatic triglycerides.

42
Q

What are the effects of insoluble fibers?

A

Decreases gut transit time.
Increases stool bulk.
Increases stool water content.

43
Q

What are examples of insoluble fibers?

A

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin

44
Q

What are examples of soluble fibers?

A

Pectins
Mucilages
Oat bran

45
Q

What are the effects of soluble fibers?

A 
Bind bile acids.
Reduces lipid absorption.
Reduces cholesterol absorption.
Glows gastric emptying
Slows rate of nutrient absorption.
46
Q

What are the recommendations for dietary reference intake?

A

14 grams per 1000 kcal consumed

47
Q

What percent of protein in neonates is used for growth?

A

80% of requirement.

Requirement is less, but of the protein they do require, they use more of it for growth.

48
Q

What percent of protein in 1 year olds is used for growth?

A

20% of requirement.

Give more protein, but less for growth

Nutrition Final (4 decks)

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