Pediatrics Part 1 Flashcards
Perform which vital signs first?
Least invasive
Don’t forget to talk to ____ even before you talk to the child.
Parents
Order of obtaining vital signs:
Respirations (1 full minute)
Heart rate (Apical-1 full minute)
Blood pressure
Temp
Do not use a rectal thermometer in children over ____.
Three months
Most reliable measurement of core temperature
Rectal
Axillary temperature can be used when?
All ages when oral route is not available.
Oral temps can be taken beginning at age:
5-6
Tympanic temps can be used at what age?
All ages
Never use a rectal temp in the _____client.
Immunosupressed
Will activity level affect the oxygen level?
Yes..always record what is going on at the time pulse ox is measured
The _____percentile is the median growth rate.
15th
Growth rate between ages 6 and 12 generally increases or decreases?
Decreases
Dry and course hair could
Be a sign of poor ________.
Nourishment
FLACC stands for?
Face, legs, activity, crying, consolability
Each worth 2 points
Wong-Baker (faces) pain scale is usually used in children at what age?
3 and older
Numerical pain scale is used with what age?
5 and older
Most common type of Croup experienced by children admitted to hospital and primarily affects children under five…
Laryngotracheobrochitis
Nature of causes of LTB?
Viral
S/S of LTB?
Diarrhea
Barking or brassy cough
Increased temperature
Common sites for pulse ox in peds?
Fingers and Toes
What affects an O2 level, especially in peds?
Activity level (record activity along with vitals)
What percentile is the median growth for children?
15th
What within __ to __ percent for height, weight, and head circumfrence is desired.
5-95
Growth rate increases or decreases between 6 to 12 years of age?
decreases
Dry and course hair in pediatric patients could indicate..?
Poor nutrition
If eyes are sunken, could be a sign of ..?
dehydration
What does CRIES stand for? (pain scale)
Crying (0-2) Requires increased O2 (0-2) Increased vital signs (0-2) Expression (0-2) Sleepless (0-2)
What does FLACC stand for? (pain scale)
Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability
Wong-Baker (faces) pain scale is used on children of what age?
What is the range of this scale?
any age but usually 3 years and older
0-5
At waht age is the numerical scale used?
5 and older
Grunting and head bobbing may indicate….?
Hypoxia
Most common type of Croup experienced by children admitted to the hospita.
LGTB
LGTB primarily affects children under ___ (age)
5
Source of causes of LGTB
Viral
Classic s/s of LGTB (3)
Slight to severe diarrhea, barking or brassy cough, increased temperature
Treatment of LGTB
steam (hot showers), cool mist humidifiers, car rides with windows down, hospitilization with corticosteroid therapy.
Cause of epiglottitis:
H. influenza
Classic s/s of epiglottitis: (3)
Drooling, absence of cough, agitation with rapid progression to severe respiratory distress.
Treatment for epiglottitis:
May require intubation or trach, IV antibx and corticosteroids
s/s of tonsillitis: (6)
mouth breather, bad breath, impaired taste and smell, muffled/nasal quality to voice, persistent cough, swollen tonsils, which can lead to otitis media.
Tx for tonsillitis:
Tonsillectomy
Positioning after tonsillectomy: (2)
On side with elevated HOB or prone
What kind of fluids cannot be given post-op tonsillectomy?
red or brown
What would indicate that hemorrhaging is occuring post-op tonsillectomy?
Frequent swallowing
How many days post-op tonsillectomy is the client at risk for hemorrhaging?
10 days
What is a common findings post-op tonsillectomy?
C/O Sore throat and ear pain, low grade temp, bad breath (old blood in throat)
Otitis Media usually follows a _____
URI
Otitis Media usually affects what part of the ear?
What are blocked?
Middle
Eustachian Tubes
What does the tempanic membrane look like in otitis media?
buldging and bright red
What helps with pain with Otitis Media?
heating pad
Otitis Media patient should avoid_____. _____ should be provided.
Chewing, soft foods
Which side should this patient lie on to promote drainage?
affected side
This patient may need _____ ____ to keep the middle ear drained.
PE Tubes (grommet)
How long does a grommet saty in .
6 months then falls out
While PE (GROMMET) tubes are in, where _____ _____ when bathing or swimming to keep moisture out.
Ear plugs
Leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in chilren less than 2.
RSV
Risk factors for RSV: (3)
Prematurity, congenital disorders, smoke
High risk for RSV children need..?
an RSV vaccine
Why is important to know onset of symptoms with RSV?
Disease will become worse on days 2-3
RSV DX:
Nasalpharyngeal swab
Treatment for RSV: (severe)–5
Oxygen (may need mechanical ventilation), IV Fluids, Suction, Antipyretics, Antiviral (Ribavirin)
Causes of pneumonia: (4)
Viral, bacterial (strep), mycotic (walking pneumonia), aspiration.
Who mostly gets mycotic pneumonia?
Adolescents
s/s of pneumonia: (5)
Fine crackles, abdominal distention, back pain, high fever, chest pain from coughing
Tx of pneumonia: (6)
O2 Fluids Antibx Antipyretics Nebulizer Cough suppresant (only at night)
