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USMLE Step 3 MTB > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

blue/gray macules on presacral back/posterior thighs

A

Mongolian spots

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2
Q

firm, yellow-white papules/pustules w/ erythematous base, which peak on second day of life

A

erythema toxicum

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3
Q

permanent, unilateral vascular malformation on head and neck

A

port wine stain (nevus flammeus)

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4
Q

red, sharply demarcated, raised lesions appearing in first 2 months, rapidly expanding, then involuting by age 5-9 years

A

hemangioma

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5
Q

preauricular tags/pits

A

preauricular tags/pits

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6
Q

defect in iris

A

coloboma of iris

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7
Q

absence of iris

A

aniridia

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8
Q

mass lateral to midline

A

branchial cleft cyst

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9
Q

mass in MIDLINE that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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10
Q

GI tract protrusion through umbilicus WITH SAC

A

omphalocele

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11
Q

abdominal defect lateral to midline WITHOUT SAC

A

gastroschisis

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12
Q

congenital weakness where vessels of fetal and infant umbilical cord exited through the rectus abdominis muscle

A

umbilical hernia

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13
Q

scrotal swelling, transillumination

A

hydrocele

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14
Q

unilateral absence of testes in scrotal sac

A

undescended testes

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15
Q

urethral opening on VENTRAL surface

A

hypospadias

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16
Q

urethral opening on DORSAL surface

A

epispadias

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17
Q

inguinal bulge or reducible scrotal swelling

A

inguinal hernia (usually INdirect)

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18
Q
  • low Apgar scores
  • blood stools
  • apnea
  • lethargy
  • abdominal wall erythema and distention
A

necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

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19
Q

failure to pass meconium

A

Hirschsprung disease

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20
Q

hydrocephalus w/ generalized intracranial calcifications and chorioretinitis

A

toxoplasmosis

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21
Q
  • cataracts, deafness, and heart defects

- blueberry muffin spots (extramedullary hematopoiesis)

A

rubella

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22
Q
  • microcephaly w/ periventricular calcifications

- petechiae w/ thrombocytopenia

A

CMV

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23
Q
  • first week: PNA/shock
  • second week: skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis
  • third week: acute meningoencephalitis
A

herpes

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24
Q

osteochondritis and periostitis; desquamating skin rash of palms and soles, snuffles (mucopurulent rhinitis)

A

syphilis

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25
- neonatal: PNA | - congenital: limb hypoplasia, cutaneous scars, seizures, mental retardation
varicella
26
- drug teratogenesis respiratory, CNS depression
- anesthetics | - barbiturates
27
- drug teratogenesis respiratory depression
magnesium sulfate
28
- drug teratogenesis vitamin K deficiency
phenobarbital
29
- drug teratogenesis displaces bilirubin from albumin
sulfonamides
30
- drug teratogenesis premature closure of ductus arteriosus
NSAID's
31
- drug teratogenesis craniofacial abnormalities
ACEI's
32
- drug teratogenesis - facial and ear anomalies - congenital heart disease
isotretinoin
33
- drug teratogenesis - hypoplastic nails - typical facies - IUGR
phenytoin
34
- drug teratogenesis vaginal adenocarcinoma
diethylstilbestrol (DES)
35
- drug teratogenesis - enamel hypoplasia - discolored teeth
tetracycline
36
- drug teratogenesis Ebstein's anomaly
lithium
37
- drug teratogenesis facial dysmorphism and chondrodysplasia
warfarin
38
- drug teratogenesis - mental retardation - NTD's
- valproate | - carbamazepine
39
- upward slanting palpebral fissures - speckling of iris (Brushfield spots) - inner epicanthal folds - small stature - late fontanel closure - mental retardation
trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
40
- low-set, malformed ears - microcephaly - micrognathia - clenched hand (index over 3rd; 5th over 4th) - rocker bottom feet and hammer toe - omphalocele
trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
41
- defect of midface, eye, and forebrain development - holoprosencephaly - microcephaly - microphthalmia - cleft lip/palate
trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
42
- Wilms - Aniridia - GU anomalies - mental Retardation
WAGR syndrome
43
- low IQ - behavioral problems - slim w/ long limbs - gynecomastia
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
44
- small-stature female - gonadal dysgenesis - low IQ - congenital lymphedema - webbed posterior neck - broad chest - wide-spaced nipples
Turner syndrome (XO)
45
multiorgan enlargement: - macrosomia - macroglossia - pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia (hypoglycemia) - large kidneys - neonatal polycythemia
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
46
- obesity - mental retardation - binge eating - small genitalia
Prader-Willi syndrome
47
- mental retardation - inappropriate laughter - absent speech or less than 6 words - ataxia and jerky arm movements resembling a puppet gait - recurrent seizures
Angelman syndrome
48
harsh holosystolic murmur over LLSB
VSD
49
loud S1, wide FIXED SPLITTING of S2
ASD
50
- wide pulse pressure - bounding arterial pulses - "machinery" to-and-fro murmur - maternal rubella infection
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
51
EARLY systolic ejection CLICK at apex of LSB
aortic stenosis
52
BP higher in arms than legs
coarctation of aorta
53
most common CHD BEYOND infancy
tetralogy of Fallot
54
- most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the IMMEDIATE newborn period
transposition of great vessels (arteries)
55
- nonbilious projectile vomiting typically in first 6 weeks of life - firm, mobile, 1-inch mass palpated in epigastrum
pyloric stenosis
56
most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
21-hydroxylase deficiency
57
- decreased production of cortisol - increased ACTH - adrenal hyperplasia - shunting to androgen synthesis - masculinization of external genitalia in females
21-hydroxylase deficiency
58
best INITIAL test for 21-hydroxylase deficiency
increased 17-OH progesterone
59
definitive diagnostic test for 21-hydroxylase deficiency
17-OH progesterone before and after an intravenous bolus of ACTH
60
treatment for lead poisoning when blood lead level is more than 15mcg/dL
refer to department of health
61
treatment for lead poisoning when blood lead level is more than 45mcg/dL
chelation
62
What are the dosages of erythromycin ointment and vitamin K to be given at birth?
.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment | 1 mg of vitamin K IM
63
7 day old newborn has purulent discharge from both eyes. Culture reveals chlamydia trach. Tx?
erythromycin oral for 14 days
64
Teratogen associated with microcephaly, intellectual disability, smooth philtrum?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
65
Teratogen associated with grey baby syndrome?
chloramphenicol
66
Teratogen associated with phocomelia?
thalidomide
67
2 days of cough, congestion, eye redness followed by maculopapular rash with white-gray spots on buccal mucosa. Tx? Dx?
measles, supportive care, vit A
68
Immunodeficiency with recurrent bacterial infections after the age of 6 months?
X-linked agammaglobinulinemia
69
Immunodeficiency with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusion?
IgA deficiency
70
Immunodeficiency with thymic aplasia and T cell defn and hypocalcemia?
DiGeorge
71
Immunodeficiency with severe recurrent infections by variety of organisms?
SCID
72
Immunodeficiency with thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections?
Wiskott-Aldritch Syndrome
73
8 year old boy has gross hematuria and generalized edema. Elevated BP. UA shows RBCs, RBC casts and proteinuria with throat infection 3 weeks ago. Tx? Dx?
PSGN | tx--> supportive, Na/Cl restriction, diuretics
74
4 year old boy has difficulty climbing stairs and frequent falls. Uses hands to lift himself up. Prox muscle weakness and calf muscles hypertrophied; Medication for tx? and dx?
duchenne muscular dystrophy; glucocorticoids

USMLE Step 3 MTB (20 decks)

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