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Final Step > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is German measles also known as?

A

Rubella

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2
Q

How many days old is a yellow bruise?

A

Purple - day 1-5 Green - day 5-7 Yellow - day 7-10 Brown - day 10-14

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3
Q

Pain with movement of the pinna or tragus should make you think of what Dx?

A

Otitis Externa

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4
Q

What is the first line treatment of pertussis?

A

Erythromycin - macrolides

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5
Q

By what age should a child be able to hold up head?

A

3 months

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6
Q

A salter Harris type I fx affects what area of bone?

A

Only the physis (growth plate)

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7
Q

By what age should a child be able sit?

A

6 months

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8
Q

Premature infant with hyaline membrane disease will have what appearance on CXR?

A

Bilateral atelectasis or ground glass appearance

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9
Q

A pt is having seizures along with a mouse-like odor from the urine. What Dx should you be thinking of?

A

Phenylketonuria

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10
Q

The description of a dew drop on a rose petal should make you think of what Dx?

A

Chicken pox

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11
Q

List the 5 major jones criteria for Dx rheumatic Fever

A

Polyarthritis Carditis Subcuticular nodules Erythema Marginatum Chorea

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12
Q

Describe erythema marginatum

A

Pink rings on the trunk and Inner surfaces of the limbs The rash is round, with a pale-pink center, surrounded by a slightly raised red outline. The rash can appear in rings or have less regular, larger, or elongated shapes.

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13
Q

At what age should an infant begin cooing

A

2 months

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14
Q

MC cause of URI

A

Rhinovirus

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15
Q

Koplik spots are white clustered lesions one buccal mucosa. What virus are they pathognomonic for?

A

Measles/Rubeola

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16
Q

How do you treat a pt with RSV?

A

Albuterol, steroids, and fluids

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17
Q

A child presents with painful ulcers in mouth. On PE you find more of the same type of ulcers on hands and feet. What virus is most likely causing these sx?

A

Coxsackie virus

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18
Q

What age should a child be able to walk?

A

12 mo

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19
Q

If worried about foreign body obstructing a child’s breathing what type of CXR should you order?

A

Expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping

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20
Q

What is the medical term for lazy eye?

A

Amblyopia

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21
Q

2-month milestones (Xenia)

A

February Valentines day “lift your head” for a kiss and “smile”, tracking midline, reacts to sound, coos

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22
Q

4 - month milestones

A

April’s fools day, Rolling over in laughter, baby cobra, reach for things, babbling

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23
Q

6 - month milestones

A

June’s summer solstice. Sitting up at a picnic and stranger anxiety at mom’s weird work friends trying to pinch your cheeks. Transfers objects, rolls both ways, making noises

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24
Q

9 - month (waleed) milestones

A

Fulls sits, crawls, pulls self up, responds to name, full hand pick up, pincer grasps w/ small things

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25
Q

12 - month milestones

A

it’s Christmas walking over to Santa Claus, but getting separation anxiety.

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26
Q

15-month milestones

A

Gross: walks well, walks backward, may run or walk-up steps Fine: scribbles, stacks 2 block Social: uses spoon + fork, “helps in housework” Language: says 3-6 words, follows commands

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27
Q

What type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia?

A

Microcytic hypochromic

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28
Q

What labs will you see for iron deficiency anemia?

A

Dec ferritin Inc TIBC Dec serum iron Inc RDW Dec Transferrin

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29
Q

What will you see on a blood smear for alpha thalassemia? Gold standard for Dx

A

Target cells, basophilic stippling, Heinz bodies Hgb electrophoresis

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30
Q

What will you see on labs for acute lymphocytic leukemia?

A

Bone marrow - hypercellular w/ >20% blasts, anemia, thrombocytopenia

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31
Q

What do you see on peripheral smear of someone with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and who gets it?

A

MC in adults You would see Peripheral smear → incompetent, well-differentiated, lymphocytes w/ scattered “Smudge cells”

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32
Q

How to differentiate acute myelogenous leukemia AML?

A

Auer rods on bone marrow

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33
Q

What do you see for chronic myelogenous leukemia?

A

+ Philadelphia chromosome, strikingly elevated wbc count

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34
Q

What is pathognominic for HODKIN’s lymphoma? What is it commonly associated with?

A

Reed-sternberg calls Mediastinal LAD Epstein- Barr virus - MC in males

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35
Q

Which Hemophilia is hemarthrosis associated with?

A

Hemophilia A

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36
Q

What factor is hemophilia B associated with? What is the clinical manifestation?

A

B - deep tissue bleeding

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37
Q

Pt present with staccato cough but no fever, what is the most likely Dx?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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38
Q

What is the most serious complication of Kawasaki syndrome?

A

Aortic aneurysm

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39
Q

A musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex in a child should make you think of what Dx?

A

Still’s murmur - benign

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40
Q

At what age should a child be able to use a spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?

A

18 months

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41
Q

Which viral exAnthem often has conjunctivitis as one of its symptoms?

A

Measles/ Rubeola

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42
Q

What is the MC congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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43
Q

What is the tx for a volvulus in a child?

A

Barium enema

44
Q

You hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur in a child, heard best at the LLSB. What is the most likely Dx?

A

Ventricular septal defect

45
Q

What age should a child begin to feed himself?

A

6 months

46
Q

Describe barlow’s test?

A

Addict and internal rotation of the hips

47
Q

A CXR of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what Dx?

A

Coarctation of the aorta?

48
Q

A 4 yo M presents bw October and March with WHEEZING, coughing, runny nose and inc RR, what is most likely pathogen?

A

RSV

49
Q

Describe wt gain in infant in follow time periods 1 week 6 months 12 months 3 yrs 4 yrs

A

1 week - Lose 10% of birth wt back back to birth wt at 10d 6 months - 2x birth wt 12 months-3x birthweight 3 yrs - 30 lb and 30 inches 4 yrs - 40 lb and 40 inches

50
Q

What age should a child kick a ball?

A

24 month

51
Q

Fever lasting longer than 5 days should make you think of what?

A

Kawasaki syndrome

52
Q

A widely split fixed s2 should make you think of what Dx?

A

Atrial septal defect

53
Q

Nasal polyps should make you think of what Dx?

A

Cystic fibrosis

54
Q

In order to Dx rheumatic fever what thing must you have?

A

Evidence of strep infection, pos titer or pos Dx. Plus 2 major criteria OR 1 major and 2 minor

55
Q

Forchheimer spots are associated with what dz?

A

Rubella

56
Q

Salter Harris type III affects what area of the bone?

A

The physis ( growth plate) + epiphysis

57
Q

Unilateral purulent rhinitis should make you think of what Dx?

A

Foreign body

58
Q

What is the medical term or cross eyed?

A

Strabismus

59
Q

What is the most common site for pneumonia in the lung?

A

lower lobe; crackle sounds

60
Q

what is a speech audiometry used for?

A

it is a fundamental tool in hearing loss assessment. Together with pure-tone audiometry, it can aid in determining the degree and type of hearing loss. Speech audiometry provides information on word recognition and about discomfort or tolerance to speech stimuli.

61
Q

What is shows up on labs for in vitamin D deficiency?

A

hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone

62
Q

you see costochondral junctions, bowed legs or architecture rosary, dental problems, muscle weakness and developmental delays what Dx is this?

A

Vitamin D deficiency - Rickets

63
Q

what is this?

A

alopecia areata

64
Q

what other tests can you use to test for cystic fibrosis?

A

Elevated fecal elastase is another supporting test, as it indicates malabsorption caused by inadequate function of the exocrine pancreas.

65
Q

what medication would you give for febrile a seizure that is more than 5 min?

A

Diazepam

66
Q

what seizure medication do you give for petit mal or absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

67
Q

appropriate acne vulgaris tx for pregnant 18 yr old woman?

A

oral erythromycin

68
Q

if you suspect a bug in the ear, what can you do first?

A

irrigation with warm mineral water

69
Q

what medication will exacerbate hypercalcemia

A

thiazide diuretics and lithium

70
Q

what viral exanthem has a rash that appears after a fever and when the pt begins to recover?

A

Roseola

71
Q

what medication can you give for allergic contact dermatitis due to poison ivy?

A

clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment twice daily for 14 days

72
Q

what is the most sensitive diagnostic study is the Meckel diverticulum?

A

technetium scan

73
Q

firs line treatment for androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness) is

A

finasteride

74
Q

fixed split s2 on cardiac auscultation should make you think of…?

A

Atrial Septal Defect

75
Q

Treatment for Severe Kawasaki Dz?

A

IVIG and high dose aspirin

76
Q

what is the best test for neonatal herpes simplex virus?

A

PCR

77
Q

When does the surfactant begin to be expressed in the fetal lung?

A

20 weeks gestation

78
Q

what treatment do you give for nasal congestion, red eyes, and fever, bilateral purulent conjunctivitis, and purulent nasal discharge?

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate

79
Q

what can you give for ant- emetic for kids doing treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

benzodiazepines

80
Q

Acne vulgaris treatment?

A

topical retinoids

antibiotics

benzoyl peroxide

81
Q

A teenager presents with asthma, allergic rhinitis and is having skin problems in the antecubital fossa. What is this likely Dx?

A

Atopic Dermatitis, aks Eczema

82
Q

first-line topical agent for irritant diaper dermatitis?

A

topical petroleum jelly )vaseline or zinc oxide

83
Q

how would you diagnose scabies?

how should they be treated?

A

scrape with oil and view on a scope

permethrin topical apply for 8-14 hours, repeat in 1 week; make sure everyone in house gets treated at the same time

84
Q

what instruction do you want to give to someone taking griseofulvin PO for tinea capitis?

A

take with milk or ice cream to increase absorption

85
Q

single or multiple, flat, dome-shaped cauliflower-shaped, filiform, fungating, pedunculated, cerebriform, plaque, like, smooth (penile shaft), verrucous, or lobulated should make you think of what dx.

(plaques and papules)

A

verrucae Vulgaris aka Condyloma Acuminata

86
Q

the first-line tx for pityriasis rosea

A

emollients and calamine (antihistamine lotion)

87
Q

what two valves are MC affected with pt with a Hx of Rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral and Aortic

88
Q

If a pt has mono what tx can you give them? + they have enlarged tonsils

A

Prednisone used for enlarged tonsils

89
Q

Best initial tx for a pt that is a nose picker and has been bleeding for 20 min already?

A

cauterization

90
Q

what can cause sensorineural heating loss?

A

aminoglycosides like

Gentamicin (generic version is IV only)

Amikacin (IV only)

Tobramycin.

Kanamycin.

91
Q

how would you treat mastoiditis?

A

vancomycin + ceftriaxone

92
Q

what imaging would you use for orbital cellulitis?

how would you manage it?

A

High-resolution CT?

Nafcillin, or Pepercillin/tazobactam (zosyn)

93
Q

how can you treat otitis externa?

what should you avoid for perf TM?

A

FQ drops; ofloxacin otic drops

Water/moisture/ topical AG

94
Q

what virus is associated with mumps?

A

Paramyxovirus

95
Q

Rubella is a TORCH infection, list some signs that would make you think the baby got it from mom?

A

cataracts, sensorineural deafness, heart disease

96
Q

list clinical manifestation for Kawasaki Dz

CRACH and Burn

A

Conjunctivitis Rash Adenopathy Strawberry tongue Hand swelling and Fever! x 5 days

97
Q

How do you tx Kawasaki and what HM do you want to make sure to do?

A

IVIG + high dose ASA & subsequent echocardiogram in the future bc of potential residual cardiac problems

98
Q

Continuous Machine like murmur makes you think of?

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosis and tx with indomethacin iv

99
Q

baby/infant has upper extremities BP different from lower - systolic murmur radiates to back & scapula, notched ribs

A

coarctation of the aorta

100
Q

the gold standard to diagnose tetralogy of Fallot

A

echo

101
Q

blue baby syndrome (cyanosis), has tet spells X-ray shows, boot-shaped heart, what is is

A

tetralogy of Fallot

102
Q

what would you give a baby with GERD?

A

H2 blocker - Zantac

103
Q

abdominal distension, no stool, newborn, meconium, vomiting what do you think of

A

Hirschsprung Dz

104
Q

what do you give a pt with vitamin D deficiency

A

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D)

105
Q

How many pneumococcus vaccines does a 2 yr old receive

A

3

106
Q

CI for Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Azithromycin 15mg/kg

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