cardiology

Question 1

List the 4 minor criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.

Answer 1

Fever, embolic event (Janeway lesions or petechiae, splinter hemorrhages), immunological event (osler nodes, glomerulonephritis), 1 positive blood culture

Question 2

List three class 1a antiarrhythmics.

Answer 2

Disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide

Question 3

An RSR prime in leads V5 or V6 should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 3

Left bundle branch block

Question 4

What is the first line IV inotropic agent when dealing with cardiogenic shock?

Answer 4

dopamine

Question 5

A blockage of which artery causes an anterior wall MI?

Answer 5

Left anterior descending artery

Question 6

Following a myocardial infarction, what medication should you be using to treat hypertension?

Answer 6

beta blocker

Question 7

Tall peaked P waves should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 7

Right atrial enlargement

Question 8

What is the best patient position to hear aortic regurge and aortic stenosis?

Answer 8

sitting up and leaning forward

Question 9

Name one aldosterone antagonist.

Answer 9

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 10

A patient has a GFR of 25 and HTN. Which class should you use, a loop or a thiazide diuretic?

Answer 10

A loop will work no matter how low the GFR is. Thiazides will only work with a GFR over 30.

Question 11

Which EKG leads are used to diagnose an anterior wall MI?

Answer 11

V1, V2 and V3

Question 12

Clot busting drugs should be used within 3 hours of which two cardiac events?

Answer 12

STEMI & new LBBB

Question 13

On an EKG, you notice a patient has a gradually lengthening PR interval and then a missed QRS complex. The pattern repeats again. What type of AV block is this?

Answer 13

Mobitz I or Wenckebach

Question 14

Are ulcers from venous insufficiency painful or painless?

Answer 14

Painless

Question 15

What is the therapeutic range for INR following a mechanical valve replacement?

Answer 15

2.5- 3.5

Question 16

Where do most aortic dissections occur?

Answer 16

The ascending or descending thoracic aorta

Question 17

What two labs do you want to monitor in a patient on an ACEI?

Answer 17

Serum creatinine and serum potassium

Question 18

What are the three major criteria for endocarditis?

Answer 18

2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echocardiography, new murmur

Question 19

A continuous murmur most likely involves what area of the heart?

Answer 19

It is most likely a septal defect