Pediatrics

Question 1

A neonate with torticollis will present with a shortened ________ with ipsilateral ________ and contralateral ________.

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid, sidebending, rotation

Question 2

The most common type of torticollis is ________ and is acquired prenatally.

Answer 2

Congenital muscular torticollis

Question 3

An asymmetrical occipital flattening of an infants head is known as ________ and is most commonly associated with ________.

Answer 3

Positional plagiocephaly, torticollis

Question 4

OMT should focus on the ________, ________, ________, and ________ to treat torticollis and plagiocephaly.

Answer 4

SCM, cranial base, occipito-mastoid suture, temporal bones

Question 5

The Ortolani maneuver is used to ________ the hip and the Barlow maneuver is used to ________ the hip.

Answer 5

Relocate, dislocate

Question 6

Asymmetry in knee heights when an infant is supine and knees and hips are flexed with the feet on the table is known as ________ sign. The side with the lower knee height is the ________ side.

Answer 6

Galeazzi, affected

Question 7

Why are children more likely to get otitis media than adults?

Answer 7

The pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) is shorter and more horizontal

Question 8

Otitis media occurs due to blockage of the pharyngotympanic tube and build up of fluid inside the middle ear creating a ________ pressure.

Answer 8

Negative

Question 9

How may children with asthma present?

Answer 9

Diffuse expiratory wheeze
Intermittent dyspnea
Cough 
Use of accessory muscles (intercostals, trapezius, SCM, scalenes)
Flaring of nostrils
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Posturing (tripod)
Prolonged expiratory phase 

(Sorry, this was a long one 🤦🏽‍♂️)

Question 10

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head is known as ________ disease.

Answer 10

Legg-Calve-Perthes

Question 11

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease usually presents as insidious onset of a ________ with associated pain and pain that often localized to the ________ or ________.

Answer 11

Limp, knee, thigh

Question 12

Scoliosis is officially named according to the direction of the ________ of the curve.

Answer 12

Convexity

Question 13

If a rib hump is present on a patient when they forward bend and it goes away with side-bending, rotation or further forward bending, it is called ________ scoliosis. If there is no reduction of the hump it is called ________ scoliosis.

Answer 13

Functional, structural

Question 14

What are some ways to physically screen someone for scoliosis?

Answer 14

Static structural exam (levelness of structures)

Running hand down spinous processes

Adam’s forward bending test

Question 15

________ is often the imaging modality of choice for screening for scoliosis. You can measure the ________ angle from the images.

Answer 15

X-ray, Cobb,

Question 16

What are the degrees of mild, moderate, and severe scoliosis?

Answer 16

Mild: 5-15 degrees (observation)

Moderate: 20-45 degrees (bracing)

Severe: >50 degrees (surgery)

Question 17

Displacement of the femoral head in relation to the femoral neck through the growth plate is known as a ________.

Answer 17

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 18

When is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis normally seen?

Answer 18

During periods of rapid growth in adolescence (11-15 y/o)

Question 19

What are some main differences between Legg-Calve_Perthes disease and a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

Answer 19

Age:

• LCP: young (4-8 y/o)
• SCFE: older (11-15 y/o)

Treatment:

• LCP: maintain ROM
• SCFE: surgery