Foot and Ankle

Question 1

During heel strike, the heel and ankle are responsible for ________ and ________.

Answer 1

Braking, adapting

Question 2

The foot and ankle are most stable during ________ of the gait cycle.

Answer 2

Mid stance

Question 3

In what step does propulsion occur in the gait cycle?

Answer 3

Toe-off

Question 4

Upon internal rotation of the tibia and fibula, the lateral malleolus moves ________, and therefore the fibular head moves ________.

Answer 4

Anteriorly, posteriorly

Question 5

Dorsiflexion of the ankle causes the talus to move ________ and places the ankle in its most ________ (unstable/stable) position.

Answer 5

Posteriorly, stable

Question 6

What are the three main ligaments of the lateral ankle? Which is most often torn?

Answer 6

Anterior talo-fibular, calcaneo-fibular, posterior talo-fibular

Anterior talo-fibular

Question 7

An severe eversion sprain can cause the ________ ligament to tear.

Answer 7

Deltoid

Question 8

Supination of the ankle is made up of three motions: ________, ________, and ________

Answer 8

Plantar flexion, inversion, adduction

Question 9

Pronation of the ankle is made up of three motions: ________, ________, and ________

Answer 9

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

Question 10

The Ottawa ankle rules state that an x-ray of the ankle is required if you find any of the following:

pain in the ________ zone, pain in the ________ zone, tenderness on the posterior edge of the ________, tenderness at the ________, tenderness of the ________, and inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED.

Answer 10

Malleolar, mid-foot, lateral/medial malleolus, base of the 5th metatarsal, navicular

Question 11

A positive squeeze test helps diagnose a tear of the ________.

Answer 11

Syndesmosis

Question 12

Tendonitis usually occurs 1-4 inches above the calcaneal insertion due to ________.

Answer 12

Decreased blood supply

Question 13

The tarsometatarsal joint is also known as the ________ joint.

Answer 13

Lisfranc

Question 14

The three arches of the foot are the ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 14

Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse

Question 15

A dropped arch involves the ________ and the ________.

Answer 15

Cuboid, navicular

Question 16

The proximal 5th metatarsal is affected by fractures in three distinct zones. Zone 1 involves the ________, zone 2 involves the ________, and zone 3 involves the ________.

Answer 16

Proximal tubercle, metaphysis-diaphysis junction, proximal diaphysis

Question 17

Zone 1 of the 5th metatarsal is where ________ fractures occur.

Answer 17

Avulsion

Question 18

Zone 2 fractures of the 5th metatarsal are also called ________ and are due to ________.

Answer 18

Jone’s fractures, low vascular supply (similar to the scaphoid)

Question 19

Zone 3 of the 5th metatarsal is where ________ fractures occur.

Answer 19

Stress

Question 20

Stress fractures of the foot are most common at the ________ and ________ metatarsals along the diaphysis.

Answer 20

2nd, 3rd

Question 21

Stress fractures are aggravated by ________, therefore a ________ may be used to help diagnose them.

Answer 21

Vibrations, tuning fork

Question 22

A benign growth of nerve tissue on the bottom of the foot is called ________ and most commonly occurs between the ________ and ________ metatarsals.

Answer 22

Morton’s neuroma, 3rd, 4th

Question 23

Web space compression or the foot squeeze are used to diagnose ________.

Answer 23

Morton’s neuroma