Pediatrics

Question 1

normal neonate head circumference

Answer 1

32-36 cm

increase indicates hydrocephaly or increased ICP

Question 2

what does stridor indicate?

Answer 2

upper airway obstruction

Question 3

myelomeningocele

Answer 3

• have permanent neuro deficits
• high risk for infection
• monitor for fever, irritability, lethargy
• cover lesion with moist, sterile dressing
• position on abdomen with face turned to side

Question 4

cystic fibrosis

Answer 4

• autosomal recessive - both -
  parents carry recessive gene
• confirmed by positive sweat test
• thick tenacious mucus

Question 5

interventions

Answer 5

high calorie and protein, adequate salt diet

need replacement pancreatic enzyme therapy for life

Question 6

Croup

Answer 6

high temp
hoarse voice
“barking cough”

*watch for signs of severe hypoxia

Question 7

acute epiglottitis

Answer 7

sitting upright/leaning forward
tongue protrusion
drooling

Question 8

normal newborn BP

Answer 8

80/45 - 60/40

Question 9

abnormal assessment findings in newborns

Answer 9

absent red eye reflex
increased head circumference > 35
bulging fontanels at rest
“machine-like” heart murmur

Question 10

skin mottling, acrocyanosis, and irregular respirations are signs of ______ ?

Answer 10

neonatal cold stress

Question 11

when do drug withdrawal symptoms start after birth?

Answer 11

12-24 hours after birth

• hyperactive reflexes
• high pitched shrill cry

Question 12

acrocyanosis is normal for the first how many hours?

Answer 12

2-6 hours post delivery is normal

Question 13

if the mother has type 1 diabetes, the infant is at risk for _______

Answer 13

hypoglycemia - fetus produces increased insulin to match mother’s increased glucose level

Question 14

Lofenalac

Answer 14

give if positive results for PKU

Question 15

signs of mumps

Answer 15

headache
malaise
anorexia
earache when chewing

communicability is highest before and after swelling begins

Question 16

wilm’s tumor

Answer 16

DON’T palpate the tumor
HTN - r/t excessive renin production
measure abdominal girth preop to assess tumor size

Question 17

Pacifiers are associated with a ______ risk of SIDS

Answer 17

decreased

Question 18

interventions for FTT

Answer 18

• hold baby during feedings
• wake them up for feedings if sleeping more than 4 hours
• note how often baby spits up

Question 19

Guthrie blood test

Answer 19

evaluates neonate for PKU

give Lofenalac formula

Question 20

interventions for sickle cell anemia

Answer 20

• keep away from infection to prevent sickling crisis
• can give morphine to decrease pain
• encourage fluids
• frequent rest periods
• don’t use cold compresses - constricts blood flow

Question 21

celiac disease

Answer 21

avoid rye, oats, wheat, and barley

high calorie, high protein diet

Question 22

early and late signs of hypoxemia

Answer 22

early:
tachycardia, irritability, nasal flaring

late:
cyanosis, circumoral cyanosis

Question 23

how soon after can a child with type A hepatitis return to school?

Answer 23

Not infectious within one week of onset of symptoms - can go back to school

communicable for 2-3 weeks BEFORE jaundice onset and 1 week after

Question 24

circumoral cyanosis

Answer 24

cyanosis around the mouth related to cold stress - may be an indication of hypoxia

Question 25

height and weight 0-6 months

Answer 25

weight: 2x by 6 months
height: 1 inch/month

Question 26

height and weight 6-12 months

Answer 26

weight: 3x by 1 year
height: 1/2 inch/month

Question 27

height and weight 3-6 years

Answer 27

weight: 4-6 pounds/year
height: 3 inches/year

Question 28

height and weight 6-12 years

Answer 28

weight: 7 pounds/year
height: 2 inches/year

Question 29

phototherapy is considered for a breast-fed infant with a serum bilirubin level of ______

Answer 29

> 15 mg/dl at 72 hours of age

Question 30

vaccinations given by 6 months

Answer 30

2 doses of DtaP
2 doses of IPV
Hep B

Question 31

when is MMR administered?

Answer 31

at 15 months

Question 32

positioning for child coming in with SVT

Answer 32

Stick thumb in mouth and close mouth around it and blow for 30-60 seconds (valsalva maneuver)

will reverse SVT

Question 33

when does positive babinsk reflex disappear?

Answer 33

at 1 year

Question 34

when does extrusion reflex disappear?

Answer 34

between 3-4 months

Question 35

behaviors of ADHD

Answer 35

not following direction
doesn’t listen when spoken directly to
interrupts or intrudes on others
“always on the go”

Question 36

Pavlick Harness

Answer 36

abduction device to treat hip dysplasia

• worn for 3-5 months
• wear undershirt under straps to protect skin
• place diaper UNDER straps
• adjustment only done by HCP q1-2 weeks
• no lotions or powders
• always wear knee socks

Question 37

when does infant start eating with fingers?

Answer 37

10-12 months

Question 38

when does an infant bring objects to the mouth?

Answer 38

between 4-6 months

Question 39

when does an infant sit alone to play?

Answer 39

7-9 months

Question 40

when does grasp reflex disappear?

Answer 40

after 3 months

Question 41

walking without help

Answer 41

13-15 months

Question 42

using 2-3 word phrases

Answer 42

24 months