Pediatrics Flashcards
normal neonate head circumference
32-36 cm
increase indicates hydrocephaly or increased ICP
what does stridor indicate?
upper airway obstruction
myelomeningocele
- have permanent neuro deficits
- high risk for infection
- monitor for fever, irritability, lethargy
- cover lesion with moist, sterile dressing
- position on abdomen with face turned to side
cystic fibrosis
- autosomal recessive - both -
parents carry recessive gene - confirmed by positive sweat test
- thick tenacious mucus
interventions
high calorie and protein, adequate salt diet
need replacement pancreatic enzyme therapy for life
Croup
high temp
hoarse voice
“barking cough”
*watch for signs of severe hypoxia
acute epiglottitis
sitting upright/leaning forward
tongue protrusion
drooling
normal newborn BP
80/45 - 60/40
abnormal assessment findings in newborns
absent red eye reflex
increased head circumference > 35
bulging fontanels at rest
“machine-like” heart murmur
skin mottling, acrocyanosis, and irregular respirations are signs of ______ ?
neonatal cold stress
when do drug withdrawal symptoms start after birth?
12-24 hours after birth
- hyperactive reflexes
- high pitched shrill cry
acrocyanosis is normal for the first how many hours?
2-6 hours post delivery is normal
if the mother has type 1 diabetes, the infant is at risk for _______
hypoglycemia - fetus produces increased insulin to match mother’s increased glucose level
Lofenalac
give if positive results for PKU
signs of mumps
headache
malaise
anorexia
earache when chewing
communicability is highest before and after swelling begins
wilm’s tumor
DON’T palpate the tumor
HTN - r/t excessive renin production
measure abdominal girth preop to assess tumor size
Pacifiers are associated with a ______ risk of SIDS
decreased
interventions for FTT
- hold baby during feedings
- wake them up for feedings if sleeping more than 4 hours
- note how often baby spits up
Guthrie blood test
evaluates neonate for PKU
give Lofenalac formula
interventions for sickle cell anemia
- keep away from infection to prevent sickling crisis
- can give morphine to decrease pain
- encourage fluids
- frequent rest periods
- don’t use cold compresses - constricts blood flow
celiac disease
avoid rye, oats, wheat, and barley
high calorie, high protein diet
early and late signs of hypoxemia
early:
tachycardia, irritability, nasal flaring
late:
cyanosis, circumoral cyanosis
how soon after can a child with type A hepatitis return to school?
Not infectious within one week of onset of symptoms - can go back to school
communicable for 2-3 weeks BEFORE jaundice onset and 1 week after
circumoral cyanosis
cyanosis around the mouth related to cold stress - may be an indication of hypoxia
height and weight 0-6 months
weight: 2x by 6 months
height: 1 inch/month
height and weight 6-12 months
weight: 3x by 1 year
height: 1/2 inch/month
height and weight 3-6 years
weight: 4-6 pounds/year
height: 3 inches/year
height and weight 6-12 years
weight: 7 pounds/year
height: 2 inches/year
phototherapy is considered for a breast-fed infant with a serum bilirubin level of ______
> 15 mg/dl at 72 hours of age
vaccinations given by 6 months
2 doses of DtaP
2 doses of IPV
Hep B
when is MMR administered?
at 15 months
positioning for child coming in with SVT
Stick thumb in mouth and close mouth around it and blow for 30-60 seconds (valsalva maneuver)
will reverse SVT
when does positive babinsk reflex disappear?
at 1 year
when does extrusion reflex disappear?
between 3-4 months
behaviors of ADHD
not following direction
doesn’t listen when spoken directly to
interrupts or intrudes on others
“always on the go”
Pavlick Harness
abduction device to treat hip dysplasia
- worn for 3-5 months
- wear undershirt under straps to protect skin
- place diaper UNDER straps
- adjustment only done by HCP q1-2 weeks
- no lotions or powders
- always wear knee socks
when does infant start eating with fingers?
10-12 months
when does an infant bring objects to the mouth?
between 4-6 months
when does an infant sit alone to play?
7-9 months
when does grasp reflex disappear?
after 3 months
walking without help
13-15 months
using 2-3 word phrases
24 months
