Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
what conditions put you at risk for hypernatremia?
- diabetes insipidus
- cushing’s syndrome
- taking corticosteroids
Which electrolyte imbalance can potentiate lithium toxicity?
Hyponatremia - because lithium replaces sodium in the cells
How does Prednisone affect electrolyte balance?
Makes you retain sodium and water (hypernatremic) and excrete potassium (hypokalemic)
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
sodium polystyrene sulfate - exchanges K+ for Na+ in the gut
What is the antidote for hypermagnesemia
Calcium Gluconate or Calcium Chloride
calcium binds to excess Mg+
What are the symptoms of hypermagnesemia?
Wh
decreased reflexes, respirations, muscle weakness, bradycardia, hypotension, drowsiness
Identify the electrolyte imbalance.
muscle cramps, Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign, tetany, tingling, numbness
Which electrolyte imbalance presents similarly to hypocalcemia?
Hypomagnesemia
tachycardic, HTN, twitching, hyperreflexia, irritable
What does hypomagnesemia put you at risk for?
cardiac arrest and/or seizures
What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?
altered mental status polyuria weakness N/V Decreased deep tendon reflexes muscle flaccidity lack of coordination confusion
What medication puts you at risk for hypokalemia?
Furosemide - excrete water and sodium and K+
Do not administer if client’s potassium is already low - assess the client for muscle weakness
What medications should not be administered with licorice?
Any medications that lead to hyper or hypokalemia
- furosemide - hypo
- prednisone - hypo
- potassium chloride - hyper
To which clients should you decrease their intake of K+ rich foods?
- CKD
- ACE-inhibitor
- spironolactone
- potassium chloride
- addison’s disease
what electrolyte imbalance potentiates digoxin toxicity?
hypokalemia
What does a third heart sound (S3) ventricular gallop indicate?
left-sided HF
normal in kids
