Pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

Milestones of a 2mth old

A

Can lift himself up with 2 arms when lying on tummy.
Responds 2 sounds.
Smiles when smiled 2.

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2
Q

Milestones at 4 months

A

Reaches 4 a toy or other object smiles 4 fun (spontaneously)

Rolls from tummy to back

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3
Q

Milestones at 6 mths

A

Looks like the number 6 when sitting up.

Rolls from back to tummy and back

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4
Q

Milestones at 8 mths

A

Once able to sit up, child can transfer objects from hand to hand with ease.

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5
Q

Milestones at 12 mths

A

Stands tall like the number 1 and walks on 2 legs

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6
Q

Milestones at 18 mths

A

Can name single word objects.
Says “no” a lot like an 18 year old.
Acts like an 18 year old by copying work that adults do (play vacuum, mowing)

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7
Q

Milestones at 2 years

A

Speaks in 2 word sentences.
Follows 2 step commands.
Can walk up stairs one leg, then bringing the other leg up to meet.
Builds a tower of 2 blocks.

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8
Q

Milestones at 3 years

A

Builds a tower of 3 blocks.
Rides a tricycle.
Speaks in 3 word sentences.
Can draw a circle.

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9
Q

Milestones at 4 years

A

Speaks in 4 word sentences.
Can build a tower with 4 blocks.
Can draw a cross.

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10
Q

Milestones at 5 years

A

Speaks in 5 word sentences.

Can draw a square.

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11
Q

Milestones at 6 years

A

Speaks in 6 word sentences.

Can draw a triangle.

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12
Q

Tooth eruption begins at what age?

Adult teeth at what age?

A

As early as 6 mths

Adult teeth beginning at 6 years

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13
Q

At what age does the baby return to birth weight?

A

2 weeks

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14
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Thickening of pylorus muscle, preventing food from moving from the stomach to the small intestine.
Projectile NON-BILIOUS vomiting, RUQ OLIVE SHAPED MASS

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15
Q

Intussusception

A

When sections of intestines invaginates into the adjoining intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction. Can be fatal in 3-5 days if untreated. Palpable SAUSAGE SHAPED MASS in abdomen.
Contrast enema is diagnostic and sometimes curative

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16
Q

Tanner I

A

Pre-puberty

17
Q

Tanner 2

A

Early changes
Male- testes enlarge, scrotal skin reddens, changes in texture, sparse growth of long slightly pigmented hair at base of penis.
Female- breast buds and papilla elevate, downy pigmented pubic hair along labia majora

18
Q

Tanner 3

A

Growth spurt, penile length growth/breast enlargement

19
Q

Tanner 4

A

Peak of growth spurt
Male-increase in penile length and width with development of glans.
Female- areola and papilla elevate to form a second mound above level of the rest of breast

20
Q

Tanner 5

A

Full adult genitalia with hair growth extended to the medial thigh.

21
Q

Scarlet fever presentation, Tx

A

Anterior cervical adenopathy. Sand-paper rash with exudative pharyngitis, fever, headache.
Tx- same as strep throat (Pcn, macrolide)

22
Q

Roseola presentation, Tx

A

Rosy pink maculopapular rash lasting hours to 3 days, follows a 3-7 day period of fever. Febrile seizures common 10%
Tx- supportive (viral)

23
Q

Rubella presentation, Tx

A

Mild fever, sore throat, malaise, nasal discharge, diffuse maculopapular rash lasting 3days.
Posterior and post-auricular lymphadenopathy 5-10 days prior to rash onset.
80% rate congenital rubella syndrome (esp in pregnancy 1st trimester exposure)
Tx- supportive (viral) PREVENT EXPOSURE TO PREGNANT WOMEN
VACCINE PREVENTABLE

24
Q

Measles presentation, Tx

A

Acute fever, nasal discharge, cough, generalized lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, photophobia, KOPLIK SPOTS (white spots w/ blue rings in the oral mucosa)
Permanent neuro impairment or death possible
Tx- supportive, complications intervention, VACCINE PREVENTABLE

25
Q

Mononucleosis presentation, Tx

A

Fever, “shaggy” purple-white exudative pharyngitis, malaise, diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatic/spleen tenderness.
Dx- mono spot test, leukopenia and lymphocytosis (atypical lymphocytes)
Tx- steroids prn, avoid contact sports >1mth.
>90% will develop rash if given PCN (misdiagnosed for strep throat)

26
Q

Hand, foot, mouth (coxsackie) virus presentation, Tx

A

Fever, malaise, sore mouth, anorexia. Blistering and peeling of mouth, hands, feet.
Tx- supportive, analgesia. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS-transmission thru oral-fecal or droplet

27
Q

Fifth disease presentation

A

3-4 days of mild flu-like illness followed by 7-10 days of red rash that begins on face with SLAPPED CHEEK appearance, spreads to trunk and extremities.
Tx- supportive, avoid exposure with pregnancy due to high risk of HYDROPS FETALIS. Transmission thru droplet

28
Q

Kawasaki presentation, Tx

A

Fever >104 lasting >5 days, polymorphic exanthem on trunk, flexor regions, erythema of oral cavity STRAWBERRY TONGUE, extensive chapped lips, bilateral conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy
Tx- IVIG, Asa po high dose for anti platelet effect, ER!

29
Q

What age should iron supplements start in breast fed babies?

A

4-6 mths ( due to depletion of maternal iron stores)

30
Q

When should vitamin D supplementation begin in breast fed babies?

A

400IU/day shortly after birth, until baby is weaned and consuming >1,000 ml/day of vitamin D fortified milk/ formula

31
Q

Treatment of croup (viral)

A

Supportive treatment, systemic steroids po if severe

32
Q

Prevention of RSV in premature babies

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

33
Q

First line treatment for AOM (after watchful waiting or severe sx)

A

Amoxicillin (high dose) 80-90mg/kg/day or Augmentin 90/6.4mg/kg/day
*Pcn allergy- Cefdinir, cefuroxime

34
Q

First line treatment of OME

A

Watchful waiting, 75-90% resolve within 3 months without tx. Antibiotic not indicated.

35
Q

Treatment of pediatric UTI

A

Amoxicillin 20-40mg/kg/d x3 days
Bactrim (TMP/SMX) 6-12/30-60 mg/kg/d
Cephalosporin

36
Q

Treatment of CAP in pediatric pt

A

Amoxicillin alt Augmentin

37
Q

Treatment of atypical CAP in pediatric pt

A

Azithromycin alt clarithromycin