Pediatrics Flashcards
Newborn to 1 month
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
prone- physiological flexion, lifts head briefly, head to side
supine- physiological flexion, rolls partly to side
sitting- head lag pull to sit
standing- reflex standing and walking
Fine: regards objects in direct line of sight follows moving object to midline hands fisted arm mvmts jerky mvmts purposeful or random
2 to 3 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
prone- lifts head to 90 deg briefly, chest up w/ some weight through forearms, rolls prone to supine
supine- ATNR is strong, legs kick reciprocally, prefers head to side
sitting- head upright but bobbing, variable head late in pull to sit, needs full support
standing- poor WB, hips in flx
fine: can see father distances hands open more visually follows through 180 deg grasp is reflexive uses palmar grasp
4 to 5 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
prone- bears weight on extended arms, pivots in prone to reach toys
supine- rolls supine to SL, plays with feet in mouth
sitting- head steady in supported position, turns head, sits alone briefly
standing- bears all weight through legs in supported standing
Fine:
grasp and release today
uses ulnar-palmar grasp
6 to 7 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
prone- holds weight on one hand to reach for toy
supine- rolls supine to prone, lifts head
sitting- lifts head and helps when pulled to sitting, gets to sitting without assistance, sits independently
mobility- may crawl backward
fine:
approaches object with one hand
arm in neutral when approaching toy
radial palmar grasp
rakes with fingers to pick up small objects
voluntary release to transfer objects between hands
8 to 9 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
prone- gets into hand-knees position
supine- doesn’t tolerate
sitting- moves from sitting to prone, sits without hand support for longer periods, pivots
standing- stands at furniture, pulls to stand at furniture, lowers to sitting from supported stand
mobility- crawls forward, cruises (walks along furniture)
Fine: develops active supination radial digital grasp develops uses inferior pincer grasp extends wrist actively points and pokes with index finger release of object more refined takes objects out of container
10 to 11 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
Standing- stands without support briefly, pulls to stand using half kneeling position, picks up objects from floor with support
mobility- walks with both or one hands held, creeps on hands and feet (bear walk)
fine:
fine pincer grasp
puts objects into containers
grasp crayon adaptively
12 to 15 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross: walks without support fast walking walks backwards and sideways bends over to look btwn legs creeps or hitches upstairs throws ball in sitting
fine:
marks paper with crayon
builds tower with 2 cubes
turns over small container to obtain objects
16 to 24 months
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross: squats in play walking up and down stairs with one hand held and both feet on step propels ride on toys kicks ball throws ball forward picks up toy from floor without falling
Fine: folds paper strings beads stacks 6 cubes imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper holds crayon with thumb and fingers
2 years
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross: rides tricycle walks backwards walks on tiptoes runs on toes walks downstairs alternating feel catches large ball hops on one foot runs well
Fine: turns knob open and closes jar able to button large buttons uses child size scissors with help does 12-15 piece puzzles folds paper or clothes
Preschool age 3-4 years
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross: throws ball 10 feet walks on a line 10 feet hops 2-10 times one foot jumps up to 2 feet jumps over 12 in obstacles throws and catches small ball runs fast and avoids obstacles
fine: controls crayons more effectively copies a circle or cross matches colors cuts with scissors draws humans with head and two extremities draws square may demonstrate hand preference
Early school age (5-8 years)
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross: skips on alternate feet gallops plays hopscotch, balance on one foot, squatting on one leg jumps with rhythm (jump rope) bounces large ball kicks ball with greater control limbs growing faster than trunk providing leverage and greater speed
fine:
hand preference evident
prints well, starting cursive
able to button small buttons
Later school age (9-12 years)
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
mature patterns of mvmt (running, throwing, jumping)
competition increase
improve balance, coordination, endurance, attention
boys may develop preadolescent fat spurt
girls may develop prepubescent changes in body shape (hips and breasts)
fine:
greater control in hand usage
learns to draw
handwriting developed
adolescence (13+ years)
Gross and fine motor skills
Gross:
rapid growth in size & strength (boys more than girls)
puberty leads to changes in body proportions, COG rises towards shoulders for boys and lowers towards hips for girls
balance and coordination skills, eye-hand coordination,
endurance may plateau during growth spurt
fine:
delves greater dexterity in fingers for fine tasks (sewing, knitting, arts and crafts)
